ROLE OF HEALTH EDUCATION IN IMPROVING MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH CARE DELIVERY IN STATE AND PRIVATE HOSPITALS IN ABEOKUTA

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ROLE OF HEALTH EDUCATION IN IMPROVING MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH CARE DELIVERY IN STATE AND PRIVATE HOSPITALS IN ABEOKUTA

Abstract:

Maternal and child health remain critical components of public health, and the role of health education in improving healthcare delivery for mothers and children is paramount. This study investigates the effectiveness of health education interventions in enhancing maternal and child health care delivery in both state and private hospitals in Abeokuta, Nigeria.

The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews with healthcare providers, expectant mothers, and recent mothers. The primary objectives include assessing the impact of health education programs on maternal and child health outcomes, identifying factors influencing the utilization of health education services, and comparing the effectiveness of health education initiatives in state and private hospital settings.

Through statistical analyses and thematic content analysis, the study seeks to provide insights into the key elements that contribute to the success of health education interventions, potential barriers to their implementation, and the overall improvement in maternal and child health care services. The findings aim to inform healthcare policy, guide the development of targeted health education programs, and contribute to the enhancement of maternal and child health outcomes in both state and private healthcare settings in Abeokuta.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Maternal and child health is a critical aspect of public health that directly influences the well-being of communities. Adequate healthcare during pregnancy, childbirth, and early childhood is essential for reducing maternal and child morbidity and mortality. In Nigeria, despite progress in healthcare infrastructure, challenges persist in maternal and child health care delivery. Abeokuta, as a representative Nigerian city, faces issues related to accessibility, quality, and utilization of maternal and child health services. Health education emerges as a pivotal strategy in addressing these challenges and improving health outcomes for mothers and children.

There have been high incidence of maternal and child death in developingcountries especially in Africa which has the highest maternal mortality rate and the lowest child health status among the regions of the world (Uyanga,1991).

Apart from the thousands of women who die, millions of women suffer from permanent disabilities. In addition, millions of children are left motherless due to maternal deaths (Otubu, 1992).

Going in the statistical perspective, according to UNICEF (2000), for Nigeria, life expectancy at birth in 1998 was 50 years, infant mortality rate in 1998 was 112 per 1000, in less than 5 year time mortality rate was 197 per 1000, while maternal mortality rate in the year 2000 was 700 per 100,000.

In a recent study in Sokoto and Kebbi States, maternal mortality rateswere found to be between 1,000 and 1,200 per 100,000 live births andwomen in the childbearing age group had an awfully high 1 in 17 life-timerisk of dying during pregnancy or at childbirth (Shehu, 1994). Other studies alsoshow that 60 percent of the maternal deaths, occurs at home within thecommunity and 7 per cent occurs on the way to a health institution, thussuggesting that most of these deaths arise from conditions which are eitherpreventable or easily cured if medical services were sought earlier or withineasy reach. Furthermore, in Nigeria, nearly one in five children dies beforetheir fifth birthday (NDHS, 1990).

There is therefore the need to reduce thehigh incidences of deaths among mothers and children in the developingcountries for which timely and adequate utilization of important weapons like health education and modern medical care.

In Lagos State for example, there are striking variationsin immunization coverage (Lagos State Immunization Survey, 1991)contrary to expectations that Lagos State as a city with the greatestconcentration of health facilities, would have the best spread of the healthcare facilities among its different parts and populace. There were alsomarked variations in the coverage level of maternal care among the differentlocal government areas of the state.

Nonetheless, the literature on maternal and infant mortality in developed and developing countries has established that areas of high rates are usuallyrural areas as a result of poor health education and awareness.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Maternal and child health indicators in Nigeria, including Abeokuta, reveal persistent challenges such as high maternal mortality rates, inadequate antenatal care, and suboptimal child immunization coverage. Understanding the role of health education in influencing maternal and child health care delivery is crucial for developing targeted interventions and enhancing healthcare services. This study aims to investigate the specific contributions of health education in both state and private hospitals in Abeokuta and assess its impact on improving maternal and child health outcomes.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The primary objectives of this study are as follows:

To assess the existing maternal and child health care delivery practices in state and private hospitals in Abeokuta.

To evaluate the role and effectiveness of health education interventions in improving maternal and child health outcomes.

To identify the factors influencing the utilization of health education services among expectant mothers and caregivers in both state and private healthcare settings.

To compare the impact of health education programs on maternal and child health in state and private hospitals.

1.4 Research Questions

To achieve the outlined objectives, the study will address the following research questions:

What are the current practices and challenges in maternal and child health care delivery in state and private hospitals in Abeokuta?

How effective are health education interventions in improving maternal and child health outcomes in both hospital settings?

What factors influence the utilization of health education services by expectant mothers and caregivers?

Are there differences in the impact of health education programs on maternal and child health between state and private hospitals?

1.5 Significance of the Study

This study holds significant implications for healthcare policy, practice, and research. The findings will contribute to:

Policy Development: Insights from the study can inform the development of evidence-based policies aimed at improving maternal and child health care delivery through strategic health education interventions.

Healthcare Practices: Healthcare practitioners can benefit from a deeper understanding of the role of health education in influencing positive maternal and child health outcomes, guiding their approaches to patient education and support.

Research Advancements: The study adds to the existing body of knowledge on maternal and child health in the Nigerian context, offering insights that can guide future research endeavors.

Community Empowerment: Understanding the factors influencing the utilization of health education services can empower communities to actively engage in their health, fostering a sense of responsibility and ownership of maternal and child health.

1.6 Scope of the Study

This study focuses on state and private hospitals in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. The research encompasses an assessment of maternal and child health care delivery practices, the role of health education interventions, and factors influencing the utilization of health education services. The scope is delimited to a specific timeframe and is designed to provide a detailed examination of the selected healthcare settings.

1.7 Research Methodology

The research will employ a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews. The study will involve healthcare providers, expectant mothers, and caregivers in both state and private hospitals. Quantitative data will be analyzed using statistical methods, while qualitative data will undergo thematic content analysis to provide a comprehensive understanding of the research questions.

1.8 Organization of the Thesis

The thesis will be organized into several chapters. Chapter Two will review relevant literature on maternal and child health, health education, and factors influencing healthcare utilization. Chapter Three will detail the research methodology, including the design, participants, and data collection procedures. Chapter Four will present and analyze the data, while Chapter Five will discuss the findings, draw conclusions, and offer recommendations for policy, practice, and future research based on the study’s outcomes.

1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS

The following terms used on this study should be taken to mean the following:

NDHS: National Demographic Health Survey

PHC: Primary Health Care

ANC: Antenatal Care

WHO: World Health Organisation

UNICEF: United Nations International Cultural and Educational Foundation

Maternal mortality: The death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy irrespective of the site and duration of pregnancy from any acutely related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental or incidental causes.

Health education: Awareness about health related issued with the intention of teaching new and improved strategies to manage health related issues at certain conditions. Etc.

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