COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING CAREER CHOICES AMONG SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA

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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING CAREER CHOICES AMONG SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA

Abstract

The study investigated factors influencing career choices among Senior Secondary School

Students in Rivers State, Nigeria. Simple random sampling techniques were adopted to select four hundred (400) Senior Secondary School Student from five Secondary Schools in Rivers State. The “Comprehensive Career Choice Survey” (CCCS) was administered to the respondents to collect necessary data. The t-test statistics was used to test three null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that there were significant differences among male and female secondary school students in their career choices in terms of: Prestige of a profession, gender parity, and parental influence. Based on the findings some recommendations were made:

(1) Professional career counsellors should be consulted to assist students in planning and choosing their careers. (2) Professional career counsellors should include the students in the selecting process, considering interest, ability, skills and personality of the students.

Introduction

Several researchers have carefully conducted studies in identifying factors influencing students’

career choices among secondary school students all over the world. Career choice has become a complex task among students in the face of ever changing technology in the information sector. The term career is broadly defined as all life time roles people play including students, parents, employees, retirees and employers. Therefore, career could be seen to be life time pursuits of an individual. The complexity of career decision making among individuals was earlier recognized by career theorists such as super (1957), Ginsburg, et al (1951), Tiedeman and O’hara (1953), and Gelatt decision making model (1962). All the above theorists recognized that individual decision-making styles play significant part in the whole process of career development, and that gender, personal interests, and learning experiences were all seen as factors affecting students’ career choices. They recognized that career choice among students was influenced by personality, interests, self-concept, cultural identity, globalization, family and social support. While, Stanley (1996) observed that prestige of a profession was a strong motivating factor influencing students in making career choices.

Similarly, Achebe (1984) investigated the career choice of boys and girls, both in urban and rural schools, observed girls having greater preference for middle level jobs than boys.

Ezeonu (2013) conducted a review on career choice among primary and secondary school students on basic issues that affect career choice identified knowledge of the job, self-

knowledge, parental and peer group constraints, and parental financial status influenced career choice pattern of students.

Also, Ogunlade and Akeredolu (2012) examined the influence of counselling on career preference among secondary school student in Ekiti State concluded that there were significant

differences in external influence as factors. The study further revealed that significant difference existed among male and female students, showing gender as a factor.

In addition, Madu (2011) conducted a study based on the impact of gender on academic performance on 160 Arts-Related subjects in Nasarawa State University concluded that female

students preformed significantly better than males in Arts-Related subjects. Similarly, Buabeng, et al (2012) studied female senior high school students’ interest in physics as course of study at

the University level in Ghana, concluded that female students do not prefer physics as a course of study at the University level due to limited employment opportunities for females in physics

as a career.

Also parental influences have been recognized as a determining factor in students’ career

decision-making. These influences could be either positive or negative on their decisions (Rainey and Borders 1997; Sebald 1989). Sometimes parental influence tends to ignore the child’s personal interest. Individual interest in making career choice is central in trait and factor theory of career decision making. In every endeaviour of human life, interest of the doer is very crucial for success. In other words, career interest is defined as preference for specific life events that often play a major role in career decision making and choice. Basically, three types of career interests are distinguished: Expressed interests are those interests that are verbally reported by the student. “I would like to work as medical doctor”. Manifest interests refer to the events in which individuals engage. For example, an individual who enjoys writing may manifest his or her interest by doing Journalistic writing. While tested interests are shown in an individual’s knowledge of a specific area as measured by standardized objective tests.

Purpose of the Study

The purpose of this study was to investigate some selected factors influencing choice of career

among Senior Secondary School Students in Rivers State.

Research Questions

1. To what extent prestige of a profession influence choice of career among male and female secondary school students in Rivers State?

2. To what extent gender parity influence choice of career among male and female senior secondary school students in Rivers State?

3. To what extent parental influence affect choice of career among male and female senior secondary school students in Rivers State?

Hypotheses

For the purpose of this study, the following null hypotheses were advanced and tested at 0.05 level of significance.

Ho1: There is no significant difference in the prestige of a profession and choice of career among male and female senior secondary school students in Rivers State.

Ho2: There is no significant difference in the influence of gender parity on choice of career among male and female senior secondary school students in Rivers State.

Ho3: There is no significant difference in parental influence on choice of career among male and female senior secondary school students in Rivers State.

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