IMPLICATIONS OF MARITAL CRISIS ON THE PSYCHO-SOCIAL HEALTH OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

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IMPLICATIONS OF MARITAL CRISIS ON THE PSYCHO-SOCIAL HEALTH OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

ABSTRACT

The study examines the psycho- social effect of parental separation or divorces on adolescents and its implications for counselling. A descriptive research survey was used while stratified random sampling technique was adopted in selecting the population sample. The sample population used is 120 adolescent students randomly drawn from twelve secondary schools in Surulere local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria. The students responded to a well structured questionnaire which generated data for testing the hypotheses using the simple percentage and chi-square statistical method. The results of psycho-social effect of parental separation or divorce on adolescents include the poor academic performance, social development, interpersonal relation and pitiable emotional stability manifestations. A five point recommendations to reduce and eradicate divorce and separation of parents are made. Government, communities, courts, and religious organization should work jointly to ensure that all married couples as well as singles have access to child centred and affordable counselling services.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background of the study

When God created humans he made it possible for production of offspring by the coming together of a man and woman through marriage. Marriage is a social institution for union of a man and his wife in body and soul (Olayinka, 1990). People view the concept of marriage from various perspectives. Some people view it as a contract which is as a result of legal consequences. The lady’s bride price is refunded, if the termination is adjudged to be the fault of the wife or when there is a breach of contract. Marriage is also seen as a game you get into at any time and you get out of at the least loss of interest. Christian marriages do not agree with these views mentioned above. The Christians assert that marriage is not a contract and should not be terminated

or separated at the least lost of interest. Marriage to them has a deeper and different meaning. The catechism of the Catholic Church defines marriage as a matrimonial covenant by which a man and a woman establish between themselves a partnership of the whole life. It is by its nature ordered towards the good of the spouses and the procreation and education of offspring. The chief function of marriage is to provide a forum for affection and emotional security from one generation to another. In the marriage union, man and woman develop the full sense of togetherness, belonging, responsibility and interdependence (Olayinka, 1987). Makinde (2004a) asserts that the function of marriage is to provide happiness, security, cultural growth, and development of a sense of responsibility for enhancing continuity and societal perpetuation. Marriage is seen as a permanent union of a man and woman done freely, founded on love and designed for companionship, procreation and proper upbringing of the children. It can only be lawfully dissolved by death. Divorce is usually perceived as the solution to difficult marital relationships irrespective of the repercussion on the couple, children, adolescents and society at large. Divorce is one of the most stressful life events a person can experience regardless of whether one sought the divorce or was unprepared for the divorce. When adolescents are involved the stressful event is even more complex. Makinde (2007b) describes adolescence as that period in every individual’s life which lies between the end of childhood and the beginning of adulthood. According to Gesell (1945) adolescence is that rebelliousness period of uncertainty; a period of absolute confusion and a period of storm and stress for the teenager.

The dictionary simply describes it as ‘The period following the onset of puberty during which a young person develops from a child into an adult’. The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry describes adolescence as one of the most dynamic stages of human growth and development; and is second only to infancy in the rate of developmental changes that take place.

It is therefore a stage that requires special care, attention, love understanding and patience for the young adult. The home and the family play a great role in the development of the adolescents. Parents should monitor their children and provide them with a good nurture and discipline. The stressful nature of a divorce experience increases the adolescent’s chances of experiencing a wide variety of mental health problems, including aggression, elevated anxiety, high rates of substance abuse and low self-esteem.

Statement of the problem

Divorce is a common phenomenon which has attracted global attention. Government and non- governmental organizations have played vital roles in the elimination of this menace because of the psychological and social problems which make the adolescents to exhibit strange and unguided behaviours.

For obvious reasons children see divorce as very traumatic experience. It affects them in all ramifications. Divorce impacts the youngster’s behaviour in the school environment, peer group and even in the society at large. The family structure is altered and thus affected. Many divorces are emotional and can even draw the children into the conflict between the parents. Adolescents facing problems of family dissolution have more difficult time with academic and social expectations at schools, among peers and the society than children from conflict free families. The emotional aspect of divorce which affects adolescents includes the feelings of anxiety, depression, inferiority complex, guilt and sometimes aggression. Parental interaction has a better effect on adolescents than the divorce. In other words, the negative outcome of divorce may increase pre- existing differences in the family unit prior to the divorce itself.

Purpose of the study

The following are the objectives of this study,

1. To determine the relationship between parental separation and academic performance of the adolescents.

2. To investigate the relationship between parental separation and the social relationship of the adolescents. 3. To access the relationship between parental separation and adolescents interpersonal relationship.

4. To know the relationship in the emotional stability manifested and the gender socio- relationship of an adolescents who come from separated home and those from families that are intact.

Hypotheses

Three null hypotheses are formulated and tested in this study.

1. There is no significant relationship between parental separation and academic performance of the adolescents.

2. There is no significant relationship between parental separation and the adolescents’ social development.

3. There is no significant difference in the emotional stability manifested by adolescents from separated and stable homes.

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