IMPACT OF FACEBOOK ON POLITICAL DISCOURSE IN THE 2023 GENERAL ELECTION IN NIGERIA

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IMPACT OF FACEBOOK ON POLITICAL DISCOURSE IN THE 2023 GENERAL ELECTION IN NIGERIA

Abstract:

This study explores the influence of Facebook on political discourse during the 2023 general election in Nigeria, a period marked by heightened political engagement and social media activity. As Facebook has become a dominant platform for information dissemination and public debate, understanding its role in shaping political discourse is crucial for assessing its impact on democratic processes.

Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, this research combines quantitative analysis of Facebook engagement metrics with qualitative assessments of political content and user interactions. Data was collected through surveys of Facebook users, content analysis of political posts, and interviews with political analysts and social media experts.

Key findings reveal that Facebook significantly influenced political discourse by providing a platform for political parties and candidates to communicate directly with voters, thus bypassing traditional media channels. The study identifies several ways in which Facebook affected political engagement, including the dissemination of political information, the mobilization of supporters, and the facilitation of public debate. However, it also highlights challenges such as the spread of misinformation, echo chambers, and the potential for political polarization.

The research concludes that while Facebook has enhanced political engagement and provided new avenues for political expression, it also presents risks that need to be managed to ensure a healthy democratic process. Recommendations for mitigating the negative impacts of social media include improving digital literacy among users, enhancing fact-checking mechanisms, and promoting more responsible use of social media platforms by political actors.

This study contributes to the growing body of literature on social media’s role in politics and offers insights for policymakers, political strategists, and social media platforms on how to better navigate the complex landscape of digital political discourse.

Keywords: Facebook, Political Discourse, 2023 General Election, Nigeria, Social Media Influence, Misinformation, Political Engagement.

CHAPTER ONE:

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

The role of social media in political communication has become increasingly significant in recent years, transforming the ways in which political information is disseminated and consumed. Facebook, as one of the largest and most influential social media platforms, has played a pivotal role in shaping political discourse globally. In Nigeria, the 2023 general election marked a notable shift in how political actors and the electorate engage with political issues, driven in large part by the pervasive influence of Facebook.

In the lead-up to the 2023 general election in Nigeria, Facebook emerged as a critical platform for political campaigning, public engagement, and discourse. Political parties, candidates, and activists leveraged Facebook to communicate their messages, rally supporters, and influence public opinion. The widespread use of Facebook has not only altered traditional campaigning methods but has also introduced new dynamics into the political landscape, including increased interaction between politicians and voters and the rapid spread of political information.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Despite the increasing reliance on Facebook for political engagement, there is a need to systematically understand its impact on political discourse. Specifically, there is limited research on how Facebook has shaped political conversations, influenced voter behavior, and affected the overall democratic process in Nigeria during the 2023 general election. This study aims to fill this gap by examining the ways in which Facebook has influenced political discourse, both positively and negatively.

Key issues to be addressed include:

The extent to which Facebook has facilitated or hindered political engagement and public debate.

The impact of Facebook on the dissemination of political information and the formation of political opinions.

The role of Facebook in political mobilization and its effects on voter participation.

The prevalence of misinformation and its influence on political discourse through Facebook.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The primary objectives of this study are to:

Assess the Influence of Facebook on Political Engagement: Evaluate how Facebook has affected the level of political engagement among Nigerian voters during the 2023 general election.

Examine the Role of Facebook in Political Communication: Analyze how political parties and candidates have utilized Facebook for communication and campaigning.

Investigate the Impact of Facebook on Political Opinions: Explore how interactions on Facebook have influenced political opinions and voter behavior.

Identify Challenges and Opportunities: Identify the challenges associated with Facebook’s role in political discourse, such as misinformation, and explore opportunities for leveraging the platform more effectively.

1.4 Research Questions

To achieve the objectives, this study seeks to answer the following research questions:

How has Facebook influenced political engagement and public debate during the 2023 general election in Nigeria?

What strategies have political parties and candidates used on Facebook to communicate with voters and campaign?

In what ways has Facebook affected the formation of political opinions and voter behavior?

What are the main challenges and opportunities associated with Facebook’s role in political discourse?

1.5 Significance of the Study

This study is significant for several reasons:

Contribution to Knowledge: It adds to the growing body of literature on the impact of social media on political discourse, particularly in the context of Nigerian politics.

Policy Implications: Findings from this study can inform policymakers and electoral bodies about the influence of social media on elections and help in the formulation of regulations to ensure fair and transparent political processes.

Practical Insights: The study provides practical insights for political parties, candidates, and campaign managers on how to effectively utilize Facebook for political engagement while mitigating the risks associated with misinformation and polarization.

Public Awareness: It raises awareness among the general public about the role of social media in shaping political discourse and encourages more informed and responsible use of social media platforms.

1.6 Scope and Delimitations

This study focuses on the use of Facebook in the context of the 2023 general election in Nigeria. It examines the interactions between Facebook users and political content, the strategies employed by political actors, and the overall impact on political discourse. The study is limited to the Nigerian context and does not encompass other social media platforms or political elections outside the 2023 general election.

1.7 Hypotheses:

1.      There is no significant relationship between exposure to political advertising on Facebook and voting behaviour during the 2023 general elections in Nigeria.

2.     There is no significant difference in the effectiveness of different types of political advertising on Facebook during the 2023 general elections in Nigeria

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