Design of Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger with

Double Passes

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Design of Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger with

Double Passes

ABSTRACT

The exchange of heat is one of the most important processes in the chemical industry. The shell and tube heat exchanger is the major equipment used to transfer heat from one medium to another. This research work on the Computer-Aided Design (CAD) of shell and tube heat exchangers with double passes aims to provide an easy way to design the shell and tube heat exchanger. A case study question was stated and all the necessary calculations in the thermal design were carried out using the Kern’s method of heat exchanger design. The thermal design was then used as a guide to the CAD using computer codes. The computer software program, Visual Basic NET (VB.NET) was used because of its numerous advantages over the other software. The result gotten from the computer-aided design was compared to the result from the thermal design. The computer-aided design software was equally used to test other problems on shell and tube heat exchanger. The computer-aided design was found to be more accurate, quicker and efficient and, it is recommended for use in companies and industries.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Heat Exchangers are specialized devices that assist in the transfer of heat from one fluid to the other. In some cases, a solid wall may separate the fluids and prevent them from mixing. In other designs, the fluids may be in direct contact with each other. In most efficient heat exchangers, the surface area of the wall between the fluids is maximized while simultaneously mixing the fluid flow resistance [1,2]. There are three primary flow arrangements with heat exchangers including counter-flow, parallel flow, and cross flow.

The most common type of heat exchangers used in the process, petroleum, chemical and HVAC industries intended for heating process fluids is the shell and tube heat exchangers [2,3]. The shell and tube heat exchanger is used when a process requires large amounts of fluids to be heated or cooled. Due to their design, they offer a large heat transfer area and provide high heat transfer efficiency [4]. They consist of tubes and shells. The tubes act as the flow channels for one of the fluids in the heat exchanger; these exchangers are often parallel in order to provide a large surface area for the heat transfer. On the other hand, the shell holds the tube bundle and acts as the conduit for the fluid. The shell assembly houses the shell side connections and is the actual structure into which the tube bundle is placed. Shell and tube heat exchangers are used in applications where high pressure and temperature is required. They serve in a wide range of applications including compressor system, hydraulic system, stationary engines, pain systems, air dryers, lube oil consoles, and several marine applications.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

In physics and thermodynamics, heat is the process of energy transfer from one body or system due to thermal contact, which in turn is defined as energy transfer to a body in any other way than due to work performed on the body [2]. When an infinitesimal amount of heat, Q is transferred to a body in thermal equilibrium at absolute temperature, T in a reversible way, then it is given by the quantity, TdS, where S is the entropy of the body. A related term is the thermal energy, which is defined as the energy of a body that increases with its temperature. Heat transfer is a path function (process quantity) as opposed to a part function (state quantity). Heat flows between systems that are not in thermal equilibrium with each other; it spontaneously flows from the areas of high temperature to areas of low temperature.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The objective of this study is to design and develop a software for solving shell and tube heat exchanger with double passes.

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