ATTENTION:
BEFORE YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPIC BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
INFORMATION:
YOU CAN GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT OF THE TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL PROJECT COSTS N5,000 ONLY. THE FULL INFORMATION ON HOW TO PAY AND GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT IS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. OR YOU CAN CALL: 08068231953, 08168759420
WHATSAPP US ON 08137701720
THE EFFECTS OF STORAGE CONTAINER AND TIME ON PORTABLE WATER
ABSTRACT
Water tanks are liquid storage containers that store water for human consumption. They are usually made of polyethylene (plastic), steel, clay, ceramics and fiber glass. The need to investigate the changes in water quality during storage in different types of water storage tanks or vessels is very crucial in establishing which tank contributes to deterioration or improvement of stored water during storage. Two sources of potable water (tap water and borehole water) were stored in twelve water storage reservoirs (six for each water source) for a period of six weeks. The tanks include black plastic tank, blue plastic tank, green plastic tank, coated steel metal tank, uncoated steel metal tank and clay pot. The water quality parameters examined were Temperature, Taste, Odour, Colour, Turbidity, Total solids, Conductivity, pH, Nitrate, Dissolved oxygen, Alkalinity, Total hardness, Calcium hardness, Chloride, Chlorine residual, Manganese, Iron, Total Heterotrophic Bacteria (THB) and Chlorophyll-A.However, all parameters listed above were analyzed at a sampling frequency of seven days interval.The results showedthat among the different container materials/colours used, black plastic tank was the best in terms ofpreserving water quality.The range in the following examined toxic parameters (i.e Nitrate, Manganese, Total heterotrophic bacteria and Chlorophyll-A) in tap water stored in black plastic tank were 8.0mg/L – 13.8mg/L, 0.099mg/L – 0.201mg/L, 2×102CFU/100mL – 116×102CFU/100mL and 0.000µg/L – 0.959µg/L respectively.On the other hand, the range for the said parameters for borehole water stored in black plastic tank are respectively 8.9mg/L – 13.6mg/L, 0.127mg/L – 0.226mg/L, 6×102CFU/100mL – 112×102CFU/100mL and 0.000µg/L –0.954µg/L. Also,findings from the study recommends that,the maximum retention period for storing tap water or borehole water in plastic tanks as well as coated steel metal tanks to be at most 3weeks while storage in clay pots should not to exceed 6days. On the other hand, uncoated steel metal tank wassuggested not to be used as storage vessel for potable/drinking water regardless of the retention time. The research also modeled the water quality results and identified that Electrical Conductivity (EC)is strongly influenced by Alkalinity, Calcium hardness and Chloride ions with R2values of 0.9926, 0.9958 and 0.9995 respectively. From this work, it was established that,black plastic materials should be considered first when selecting a container material for storing water in large capacity. CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL BACKGROUND
Water, air, food and shelter are the essential items for any living being. It is possible to survive without food and shelter for some days, but without water, it is not possible to survive much of the time. Without air, one cannot live for a few minutes. Next to air is water which is of paramount importance to all organisms (Booker, 2000).
Water is a chemical substance that is composed of two atoms of hydrogen and an atom of oxygen (Hayward, 2004). In typical usage, water refers to only its liquid form or state, but the substance also has a solid state known as ice, and a gaseous state called steam or water vapor. According to Parsons and Jefferson (2006), water to be consumed by man/animals should fall within the range of certain limits set by World Health Organization (W.H.O.) often known as drinking water standards. Such water that is fit for human consumption is called potable water.
Water is readily available all over the world but only a very few proportion of it is potable or fit for human consumption (Nala and Jagals, 2003). Hence, there is the need of storing potable water in containers in order to ensure continuity in supply during interruption or disaster. Such containers used in storing water are called water storage reservoirs or tanks. Storage reservoirs are available in various forms based on the material of construction such as clay, galvanized steel, polyethylene, fiberglass, and concrete.
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08068231953 or 08168759420
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.
OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 3139283609
Bank: FIRST BANK
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953 or 08168759420