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IMPACT OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY ON OPERATION OF AN ORGANIZATION
ABSTRACT
The aim of the study is to examine the impact of information and communication technology on improving standards of modern business organization. Four research questions guided the study. Descriptive survey design was used. The total population is 65 and the sample size is 50. Data on these aspects of information and communication technology was collected from businesses through 12 questionnaire instrument. The finding of this research work presents the general positivity that information and communication technology contributed to business growth which includes improvement in the function of workers and among others. Enormous number of factors such as human, technical and environmental factors plays essential impact in successful evolution of information and communication technology in modern business organization. Further still, some of the businesses have presented a positive and advantageous performance of using information and communication technology facilities in their businesses. The researcher recommended among others that institutions offering information and communication technology (ICT) and management course both private and public should adequately equip the students with modern business technological devices and tools.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
TITLE PAGE – – – – – – – – – i
CERTIFICATION – – – – – – – – – ii
DEDICATION- – – – – – – – – – iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT- – – – – – – – iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS – – – – – – – v
LIST OF TABLE – – – – – – – – vi
ABSTRACT – – – – – – – – – vii
CHAPTER ONE – INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY – – – – 1
- STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM- – – – 5
- PURPOSE OF THE STUDY – – – – – – 6
- SIGNIFIANCE OF THE STUDY – – – – – 7
- RESEARCH QUESTIONS – – – – – – – 9
- DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY – – – – – 10
- DEFINITION OF TERMS – – – – – – 10
CHAPTER TWO – REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 INTRODUCTION – – – – – – – – 13
2.2 CONCEPT OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY- – – – – – – – – 14
2.3 FUNCTION OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY – – – – – – – – 18
2.4 OBJECTIVES OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY- – – – – – – – 20
2.5 CHALLENGES OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY ON THE MODERN BUSINESS ORGANIZATION- – – – – – – – 21
2.6 IMPACT OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY – – – – – – – – 25
2.7 SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW – – – 28
CHAPER THREE – RESEARCH METHOLOGY
3.1 INTRODUCTION – – – – – – – – 31
3.2 RESEARCH DESIGN – – – – – – – 31
3.3 SOURCES OF DATA – – – – – – – 32
3.3.1 PRIMARY SOURCES OF DATA – – – – – – 32
3.3.2 SECONDARY SOURCES OF DATA – – – – – 32
3.4 POPULATION SIZE – – – – – – – – 33
3.5 SAMPLING TECHNIQUES – – – – – – 33
3.6 SAMPLE SIZE – – – – – – – – – 33
3.7 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION – – – – – 34
3.8 METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS- – – – – 35
3.9 VALIDTION OF RESEARCH INSTRUMENT – – – 36
3.10 RELIABILITY OF RESEARCH INSTURMENT- – – 36
CHAPTER FOUR – DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.1 INTRODUCTION – – – – – – – – 38
4.2 RESEARCH QUESTIONS ONE – – – – – – 38
4.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS TWO – – – – – 40
4.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS THREE – – – – – 42
4.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS FOUR – – – – – 44
4.6 DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS – – – – – – 45
CHAPTER FIVE – SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 INTRODUCTION – – – – – – – – 48
5.2 SUMMARY OF FINDING – – – – – – – 48
5.3 CONCLUSION – – – – – – – – – 49
5.4 RECOMMENDATIONS – – – – – – – 50
5.5 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY – – – – – – 51
5.6 SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH – – – 53
REFERENCES- – – – – – – – – 55
APPENDIX I – – – – – – – – 56
APPENDIX II – – – – – – – – 57
LIST OF TABLES
PAGE
Table 1: Questionnaire Distribution and Retrieval- – 35
Table 2: Role of information and communication technology
in business organization – – – – – – 38
Table 3: Impact of information technology on communication
in business- – – – – – – – 40
Table 4: Attitude of workers towards information and
Communication technology- – – – – – 42
Table 5: Impact of information and communication technology
on workers performance- – – – – – 44
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
In today’s local, national and international business organizations, information is a priceless commodity, whatever form or pattern it takes, without up the minutes, accurate information most commercial organization.
Such business offices serve as nerve, hubs or center of information which take in, process store and relay data and messages in a host of situations, financing, selling, building, making, advertising, servicing or advising so as to enable all sorts of people to function in their jobs ranging from senior managers planning company activities over the next five to six years to start assistants querying the current retail price a product.
While manual and paper-based system of information processing are still much in use, in the form of book, diaries, letter, movies etc, more and more office facilities or gadgets are today being undertaken by electronic and computer-based technology (Yusut, 2005).
Information and communication technology, both in the private industry and large business organization is resourceful and fruitful. In some decades ago, in the early 1905s, business embarked on the first widespread use of computer primarily and basically as tools for recording and processing accounting analysis and transactions.
Thus, information technology has only really been part of business for about the last 24 years. Nonetheless information technology is one of the most paramount resources in today’s business environment. But what exactly is information and communication technology.
Ogwe Victoria (2016) defined information and communication technology as an umbrella term that includes all technologies for the manipulation and communication of information. In the same vein, Kabari L.G. (2015) sees information and communication technology as the use of technology in managing and processing information, especially in large organizations.
Further still, Aronu (1999) defines information and communication technology as the combination of two technologies’ computing and telecommunication (the cornerstone of information technology and the main purpose of which is to transmit representation of information (signals) between remote locations). One must admit that the modern business organization have been reshaped, compared to the business of years ago.
Again, history has it that man has to cross over oceans, spend huge amount of capital (money) and energy to transmit information or transact business. Since the evolution of computers, professionals/experts have contributed to research with a view of making computer a greater advantage to the business organization.
The modern business organization at present is connected to a global system of communication that ensures speedy information and business transaction. The global system of communication involves the use of computer, GSM, tax machine etc. buying and selling electronically is changing the pattern or the way people reason, think and carryout transaction all over the world.
Time, distance, and competitive product quality, is no longer the problem. This has triggered off increased economic activities and is having a considerable and remarkable impact on the modern business organizations in the world at large. The modern business organization should not be left out in this trend. Inspite of many business awkwardness, and hindrances ranging from poor computer appreciation to inadequate communication gadgets and facilities, the modern business organization must strive to harness the huge economic potentialities of internet in this amazing and galvanizing technology that has revolutionalise global economies.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Today’s organizational environment is quite different from that of the past. The global competitive information technology, the quality service revolution, and diversity and ethics has force management of all kind of organizations to totally rethink and reschedule their approach to both operations and human resources. Because of the urgent and sudden shift, organizations are now more responsive to both their internal and external environments. The modern business organization is characterized by state of art information technology.
However, most modern business organizations inspite of the enormous benefits associated with technological advancement are yet to help pace with drastic change and measure and also the cost involved in acquiring the gadgets, training and retraining of workforce.
Also paramount is the general attitude to embracing the technology.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The main purpose of this study is to examine the impact of information and communication technology on the productivity of an organization. On a more specific terms, to
- To identify the roles of information and communication technology on the modern business organization.
- To identify the impact of information and communication technology on performance of the workers.
- To examine the attitude of organization and their workers towards the change brought about by information and communication technology.
- To identify the influence of information and communication technology on the productivity of an organization.
This research work is concerned to enhance knowledge and eradicate difficulties encountered in the business organization in relation to the use of information and communication technology.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
It is hoped that, the finding and solutions of this research work will be of great benefit to the following.
- Private Organizations: This research work will sender opportunity to the private organization to look inward and restructure their organization to meet the intrigues of information and communication technology simultaneously, its relevance to the modern day business.
- Education Institutions: It is believe that at the end of this study, the educational authorities will see the urgent and sudden need to introduce information and communication technology course to the academic curriculum and at the same time equip her students.
- Government: It will enable the government realize and discover the relevance of information and communication technology to the business and thus, stand to meet the challenges and ordeals posed by information and communication technology. It will also help the government plan her business policy along the path of information technology.
- Students: This research work will serve as a vital academic tool for students who may wish to write further on this topic.
- Applicant: It will also serve as an enablement to applicants by helping them to realize that to have a good knowledge of information and communication technology is very essential. Lastly, it will help them to plan for the way forward and have a good interface with information technology.
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. What are the roles of information and communication technology on the modern business organization?
2. What are the impacts of information and communication technology on workers performance?
3. What are that attitude organizations and of workers towards the change brought about by information and communication technology?
1.6 DELIMITATION/SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This study was carried out in some selected organization spread within Rivers State. The study also covers the impact and problem (huddles) of information technology, again the modern equipment/gadgets used in communication.
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
The following terms were in view according to their meaning.
Technology – This referred to the entities, both material and immaterial, created by the application of mental and physical efforts in order to achieve some value. It is also referred to tools and machines that may be used to solve real world problems.
Communication- This refers to the transmission of information from one computer system to the other in a particular geographical location in order to affect the attention of the recipient.
Information – This refers to things, objects, fact etc provided or sent to somebody either through electronic gadgets or oral means.
Business – This refers to an organization which aimed to earn profit by providing what the society need and want. It is the totality of all activities which take place in the provision and allocation of goods and services for private or general profits Johnny U.N (2015).
Organization – This is a forum, where people are systematically organized paramount with a particular aim, and purpose.
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