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FACTORS INFLUENCING ADOPTION OF RECOMMENDED CONSERVATION AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES OF MAIZE FARMERS IN BAUCHI AND GOMBE STATES, NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
This study analyzed the factors influencing adoption of recommended conservation practices of maize farmers in Bauchi and GombeStates, Nigeria. The study was necessitated by the fact that the extent to which farmers understand the conservation practices extended among them over ten years ago so as to be able to practice them profitably and sustainably has not been holistically investigated and documented in the study area. In other words, the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers, factors influencing adoption of the practices,attitude of the farmers towards the innovation characteristics of the recommended practices,the knowledge level of the practices and the constraints to adoption of the practices have not been studied in the area. Multi stage sampling techniques was used to select the three hundred and nine (309) respondents that were used for the study in the twenty four (24) wards of the twelve (12) local government areas. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, distribution, percentage and mean were used to summarize the data while Torbit regression model and t- test were used for the inferential analysis. The socio-economic characteristics of the maize farmers as determined in the study revealed that the modal age bracket of the farmers where 41.4% of them belonged was 31-50 years while the mean age was 47.39 years. Male constituted 75.4% of the respondents and majority of them (69.6%) were married. The findings further revealed that yield of maize crop in Gombe and BauchiStates ranged between 2-4 metric tons. The findings indicated that five of the ten recommended conservation agricultural practices were adopted by the respondents. These include minimum or zero tillage, use of organic manure, controlled grazing, effective pest control and effective ridging method. The socio-economic factors that influenced adoption of the practices among the farmers include educational level, farm size, extension contact and income. Majority of the respondents indicated that adoption of the practices had positive impact on their maize output and yield.Constraints such as inadequate knowledge, inadequate capital, inadequate land and complexity of the practices were identified among the farmers. Knowledge of some of the conservation agricultural practices such as agro-forestry, controlled grazing, effective pest control and mulching was generally low among the farmers in the study area. In the same vein, there was significant relationship between adoption, yield of maize, income and level of living of the farmers. The study recommended that the capacity of extension agents be enhanced for better performance and that the maize association of Nigeria in the two states be mobilized into groups of cluster farmers which will be able to pool resources together for the acquisition and preparation of virgin land for farming. This will address the issue of continuous cultivation of same piece of land year after year.
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