EVALUATION OF THE NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF FULLFAT SOYBEAN FOR CHICKENS

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EVALUATION OF THE NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF FULLFAT SOYBEAN FOR CHICKENS

ABSTRACT

Experiments were designed and conducted to study the nutritive value of full fat soybean for chickens. The study examined the utilization of raw, roasted, autoclaved and cooked full fat soybean by broiler chickens and the utilization of raw and cooked full fat soybean by pullets and laying chickens. Results showed that broiler chickens fed rations containing full fat soybean cooked in boiling water or autoclaved for 30 minutes at 15 lb pressure per square inch (p.s.i) i.e. 1.0546 kg/cm2, grew more rapidly than chicks fed rations containing raw full fat soybean. Autoclaving or cooking full fat soybeans for 30 minutes in boiling water was more beneficial than roasting or cooking for 15 minutes. No further advantage was obtained by cooking full fat soybean for 45 minutes. Older chicks between the ages of 6-9 weeks were more able to utilize raw, roasted or full fat soybean cooked for only 15 minutes in boiling water. The rations which contained raw full fat soybean caused significant enlargement of the pancreas. Cooking for 30 or 45 minutes in boiling water or autoclaving for 30 minutes at 15 lbs p.s.i. reduced the effect on the pancreas. The feeding of raw, roasted or full fat soybean cooked for 15 minutes had no significant effect on the relative weights of the heart, liver and the spleen or on the relative weights of the thyroid. Elimination of maize by increasing the level of full fat soybean to serve as main energy source in the ration, tended to lower the metabolizable energy of such rations and when fed, resulted in reduced growth performance. Results indicated that although adequately cooked full fat soybean could replace commercial soybean meal in the rations of chicks, provided such rations were adequate in ME and protein, it could not probably replace maize completely without adversely affecting growth rate and efficiency of feed utilization. The use of fullfat soybean in the rations for pullets indicated that raw or cooked fullfat soybean could be used in the rations to raise egg type pullets from 8-20 weeks of age without adversely affecting body weight and feed intake. However, when the rations were formulated with fullfat soybean level as high as 37.00% to replace maize as energy source, the ME of such rations became suboptimal. The protein tended to be higher than normal for pullets. Feeding of such rations resulted in reduction of body weight and resulted in delay in onset of laying. The inclusion of raw fullfat soybean at 20.40% level in the rations of laying chickens did not significantly affect egg production, egg weight or mortality. However, attempts to use full fat soybean to replace maize as energy source resulted in reduction of ME content of the ration. Feeding of such rations containing either raw or cooked fullfat soybean reduced egg production and raised age at 50% production. Results indicated that although cooked or raw full fat soybean could replace commercial soybean meal in iso-caloric equi-protein rations of laying birds, it probably cannot replace maize in the rations without adversely affecting performance of the birds

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