THE USE OF SOME NON-CONVENTIONAL PROTEIN SOURCES FOR FATTENING CATTLE

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THE USE OF SOME NON-CONVENTIONAL PROTEIN SOURCES FOR FATTENING CATTLE

ABSTRACT

Twenty-one different feed sources collected in and around Zaria were analyzed for nutrient composition. One energy source (maize offal) and three protein sources (layer litter, broiler litter and whole cotton seed) were selected for the three cattle fattening trials based on their nutritive value, availability and cost. In the first fattening trial, twenty Bunaji bulls weighing between 230- 250 kg were used to study the effect of sun-dried layer litter (SDLL) as protein source to replace cotton seed cake for fattening bulls fed sorghum stover basal diet. The concentrates were offered at 60% of 3% body weight individually and sorghum stover, water and mineral salt lick were offered ad libitum. Intake of the concentrate decreased with increase in the proportion of SDLL replacing CSC in the diets. Intake of the concentrate containing 0, 25, 50 and 75% SDLL were similar (P>0.05) but different significantly (P<0.05) from those containing 100% SDLL. The range was from 2.55 to 4.74kg/head/day. Level of SDLL in the diets had no effect on the intake of sorghum stover. Total daily feed intake ranged between 3.73 and 5.96kg, there were no differences between diets containing 0, 25, 50 and 75% SDLL, but diet containing 100% SDLL differed significantly (P<0.05) from others. Body condition score ranged from 4.58 to 4.88 while rumen ammonia nitrogen (RAN) level was from 8.13 to 14.10mg/100ml and rumen pH from 6.38 to 6.88. The values taken at the end of the study were not significantly different (P>0.05) for pH and body condition score but RAN was affected by the levels of SDLL replacing CSC in the diets. Average liveweight gain increased with increase in the level of SDLL replacing CSC in the diets up to 50% and then declined, there were no difference between bulls on diets containing 25, 50 and 75% SDLL. The range was between 0.570 and 0.873kg/day. Feed conversion efficiency was significantly (P<0.05) affected by the level of SDLL replacing CSC in the diets while feed cost per gain decreased linearly as the level of SDLL replacing CSC decreased in the diets. Crude protein digestibility and nitrogen retention were significantly affected by the level of SDLL replacing CSC in the diets. Dressing percentage of the bulls ranged from 49.49 to 50.57%, the differences were not significant (P>0.05). Over all income over feed cost ranged between N6228.00 and N1303.35. Bulls on diet in which 50% of the CSC was replaced by SDLL had the highest (P<0.05) overall income over feed cost. In the second experiment, twenty Bunaji bulls weighing between 200 and 250kg were used to study the effect of replacing CSC with sun-dried broiler litter (SDBL) at 0,20,50,75 and 100% on feedlot performance of bulls fed bracharia hay as basal diet. Intake of the concentrate containing 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% SDBL replacement were 3.98, 3.85, 3.84, 3.82 and 3.82kg/head/day respectively. The differences were not significant (P>0.05). Intake of bracharia hay and total DM intakes were also not significantly (P>0.05) affected by the levels of SDBL in the diets. Average daily liveweight gain decreased linearly as the level of SDBL replacing CSC increased in the diets. There was no significant difference between the liveweight gains of bulls on diets in which 0, 25 and 50% of the CSC was replaced by SDBL. Feed conversion efficiency decreased significantly (P<0.05) as the levels of SDBL replacing CSC increased in the diets. There were no differences between diets containing 0, 25 and 50% SDBL. Feed cost per gain was lowest on diet which contains 50% SDBL replacement. Body condition score, rumen ammonia nitrogen, PCV, total protein and blood urea nitrogen level taken at the end of the trial were affected significantly (P<0.05) by the levels of SDBL replacing CSC in the diets. Digestibilities of DM was highest in diet containing no SDBL and lowest for diet containing 100% SDBL. There were no differences between the DM digestibility of diets containing 0 and 25% SDBL. CP digestibility increased significantly (P<0.05) with increased level of SDBL up to 50% level of replacement then declined. Nitrogen retention increased significantly (P<0.05) as the levels of SDBL replacing CSC increased in the diets up 25% SDBL replacement the declined. The amount of nitrogen retained on diets containing 25 and 50% SDBL were similar. Dressing percentage of the bulls ranged between 50.51 and 51.44%, the differences were not significant (P>0.05) between the treatments. Overall income over feed cost ranged between N 5403.52 and N 2860.52, there were no significant (P<0.05) differences in overall income over feed cost in bulls on diets in which SDBL replaced 0, 25 and 50% of the CSC in the diets. In the third experiment the effects of graded levels of maize offals and whole cotton seed on the fattening performance of Bunaji bulls were studied using twenty bulls of liveweight ranging between 200-250kg. Intake of the concentrates, gamba hay and total DM increased (P<0.05) as the proportions of WCS decreased in the diet. There were no significant (P>0.05) differences between diets containing 20, 40 and 60% WCS. The total DMI of the concentrates containing 80, 60, 40 and 20% WCS was 5.18, 6.42, 6.70 and 6.82 kg/head/day. Crude protein intake ranged between 737.20 to 866.16g/head/day and was affected (P<0.05) by the levels of WCS in the diets. Average daily liveweight gain of the bulls on diets containing 80, 60, 40 and 20% WCS were 0.470, 0.570, 0.789 and 0.631kg/head respectively. Bulls on the diets containing 40% WCS had the highest (P<0.05) daily liveweight gain. Feed efficiency and feed cost per gain was also best xxii for bulls on diet the containing 40% WCS. Body condition score, PCV; blood urea nitrogen, rumen ammonia nitrogen taken at the end of the trial were all affected (P<0.05) by the levels of WCS in the diets. However, levels of WCS in the diets and sampling time had no effect on the total protein and rumen pH. Dry matter and CP digestibility were similar (P>0.05) for diets containing 20, 40 and 60% WCS. While digestibilities of CF, ether extract ADF, NDF and organic matter were not affected by the levels of WCS in the diets. Nitrogen retention was positive for all diets and was affected (P<0.05) by the level of WCS in the diets. Dressing percentage ranged from 50.43 to 52.13% and income over feed cost ranged between N1012.36 and N4084.53. Bulls on diets containing 40% WCS gave the highest income over feed cost

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