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VARIANCE ANALYSIS AS AN AID TO BUDGETING AND BUDGETERY CONTROL (A CASE STUDY OF NEPA, KADUNA DISTRICT OFFICE)
ABSTRACT
A budget, as a financial and quantitative statement, proposed and approved for the purpose of achieving a given objective must parade reliable estimates for this purpose to be achieved. This is why budget variances, which represents the difference between budgeted and actual results when they occur raise questions, as to the causc(s) of these variances. Our study is intended to investigate the significance of the operating expenditure varianecs recorded in the operating expenditure vote book returns of the National Electrics Power Authority, Kaduna district office. To achieve this aim we took an analysis of the variances as recorded against each depts./scction in these returns for the period spanning 1997 to 1999. Our results show that the varianees are indeed significant. They represent material (substantial) deviations from their budgeted amounts. However the deviations were not significant in the last year of our study, showing more and stricter adherence by management to the intentions of the vote book controls. urther investigations are however recommended, in lo the significance of the variances recorded in sonic other cost centers of the authority. This is necessary as the conferment of this study to a single cost center docs not make for an all comparative findings and conclusive statement.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page- – – – – – – – – i
Approval page – – – – – – – -ii
Dedication – – – – – – – – -iii
Acknowledgement – – – – – – – -iv
Abstract – – – – – – – – – -v
Table of content – – – – – – – -vi
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION – – – – – – – -1
1.0 Background of the study – – – – -1
1.1 Statement of the problem – – – – -5
1.2 Purpose of the study – – – – – -6
1.3 Significance of the study – – – – -8
1.4 Research questions – – – – – -9
1.5 Scope of the study – – – – – – -10
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW – – – – – – -11
CHAPTER THREE
Research methodology – – – – – – -39
Design of study – – – – – – – -40
CHAPTER FOUR
Presentation, analysis and interpretation of data – -48
CHAPTER FIVE
Summary of findings – – – – – – -60
Conclusion – – – – – – – – -61
Recommendations – – – – – – – -62
Suggestions for further research – – – – -64
References – – – – – – – – -65
Appendix I – – – – — – – – -68
Questionnaire. – – – – – – – -69
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