STUDIES ON THE GENETIC PATHWAY AND SELECTION RESPONSE FOR INCREASED FRUIT SIZE AND YIELD IN TOMATO

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STUDIES ON THE GENETIC PATHWAY AND SELECTION RESPONSE FOR INCREASED FRUIT SIZE AND YIELD IN TOMATO

ABSTRACT

Modified three-way crosses involving advanced interspecific tomato hybrids (W x R), (R x

W) and (W x T) at F12 generation and commercially cultivated tomato varieties namely

Supersteak (S), Beef (Florida) (BF) and Plumb (Rio grande) (PR) were made to generate F1

hybrids. The F1 hybrids were crossed to both the pollen and seed parents to produce the

backcrosses and were also allowed to random mate to produce the F2 and F3 populations. The

parents, F1s, F2s, F3s, and backcrosses were evaluated under rainfed conditions. Floral trait

and genomic analyses using Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) markers of the

quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying fruit size in tomato were also performed. The

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) on agronomic, yield, floral and fruit traits showed significant

differences (P < 0.05) among the tomato genotypes. The cross, S x (W x R), was the most

promising three-way hybrid that can be exploited for increased tomato fruit size and yield in

the humid tropics. Mean fruit weight had significant and positive correlation with all the

floral traits with the exception of flower and style lengths. The number of locules per fruit

had the highest correlation value (r = 0.984**) with fruit size. Path coefficient analysis

revealed that the number of locules per fruit had the highest positive direct effect (p = 0.8086)

on fruit size. This was closely followed by ovary diameter (p = 0.7942) and stigma diameter

(p = 0.7685). On the other hand, style length had the highest negative direct effect (p = –

0.9147) on fruit size.

The fruit shape index showed significant positive correlation with the

ovary shape index (r = 0.835**) and seed shape index (r = 0.718**). However, fruit shape

index was negatively and significantly correlated with ovary diameter (r = -0.601*), fruit

diameter (r = -0.576*) and seed diameter (r = -0.519*). The population structure analysis

revealed that the tomato genotypes studied had three sub-populations. The association

mapping using 25 SNPs markers detected nine markers with significant association with

mean fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, number of locules per fruit and fruit shape

index. The SNP marker, Solyc11-17, exhibited significant association with both fruit

diameter, number of locules per fruit and fruit shape index. The variation in fruit diameter

explained by the marker, Solyc11-17, was higher than the variations in number of locules per

fruit and fruit shape index (141.5%, 23% and 18.3%, respectively). All the nine markers

detected are recommended for fruit size improvement breeding programe in tomato.

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