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TRANSMISSION AND POPULATION STUDIES ON MAIZE STREAK VIRUS VECTORS: CICADULINA SPP. (HOMOPTERA 1 CICADELLIDAE)
ABSTRACT
An intensive survey of Cicadulina species in Samaru between June, 1906 ana February, 1937 revealed the occurrence of four species: Cicadulina nbila. Naude; C. similis China; C. arachidis China and C. triangula Ruppel, in decreasing order of prevalence. C. mbila was caught in all the sites sampled and constituted 65.30% of Cicadulina populations in Samara. It is also shown that the female Cicadulina is always more abundant than the male. Cicadulina populations at Samaru in 1986 built up with increases in rainfall. The numbers caught were very low at the onset of the rains in May ~ June, reached the maximum before the rains stopped in September, and declined sharply at the onset of harmattan in October. The field survey revealed that Samaru had an average of 9.35% viruliferous leafhoppers in the field populations and that the Infective hoppers carried different strains of the virus depending on the host plants from which the hoppers got infected. A survey of alternative hosts of the streak virus in Samaru and Zaria showed four grass species with symptoms of the streak virus diseases Panicum maximum Jacq. Brachiaria lata (Schumach) C.E. Hubbard ex Robynsj Pennisetuu podicellatum Trin. and Setaria palludefusea (Schumach.) Stapf and C.E. Hubbard. Seventeen plants were screened for susceptibility to MSV and the following five were symptomatic hosts-. Acrocerus amplectus Stapf; Eleusine indica (L) Gaertn; Chlorix picnothrix Trin; Cyperus pustulatus Vahl and Oryzn glaberrima Steud. In addition, two other grass species were infected with MSV beside the screen cages used; Plgitaria adscendens Hern and Leptochloa fi1iformis (Lam.) P. Beauv. Susceptibility under experimental conditions indicates likely susceptibility under field conditions. This study also revealed that irrigated off-season maize crops carry the maize streak virus disease. It is thus concluded that irrigated maize crops, and grasses like E. indica that carry streak symptoms in the field, and that are susceptible to MSV from maize under experimental conditions, are sources of primary inoculum for the rain-fed maize crops as the virus could survive on them during the dry season.
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