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THE EFFECT OF SUCCESSION MANAGEMENT ON CORPORATE SURVIVAL AND GOAL ATTAINMENT IN THE NIGERIAN OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY
ABSTRACT
The study examined the effect of succession management on corporate survival and goal attainment in the Nigerian oil gas industry. Some selected companies within the industry were assessed to ascertain the extent to which succession management could function as a strategy for growth and profitability in the Nigerian oil and gas industry. The study verified whether succession management encourages healthy competition and advance continuity of corporate objective in Nigerian oil industry. The study found out whether gaps in leadership pipeline, difficulty in filling key employee’s positions, inadequate career path and ineffective line management were the key challenges succession management is designed to address in Nigerian oil industry and its (succession management) role in curbing these challenges. It also ascertained the extent to which the supply of talented, experienced, motivated and high morale staff ensured prospects in Nigerian oil industry. The study verified the degree to which succession management engendered significantly labour retention among employees in Nigerian oil and gas industry. The instruments for data collection used were structured questionnaire and oral interview. The questionnaire was structured in line with likert-five point scale and validated using the face-to-face approach. The instruments were checked for reliability using the pilot survey method. The data collected from the responses to questions in the questionnaire and structured oral interview were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative methods. The test of hypotheses was performed using chi-square distribution, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) one- way test and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient(r=0.84). It was discovered that succession management functioned as a strategy for growth and profitability of the Nigerian oil and Gas industry (Fcal=6952.68>Ftab=3.00,p<0.05). It was revealed that succession management significantly engendered healthy competition and advanced achievement of corporate mission in the Nigerian oil and Gas industry(Fcal=6930.50>Ftab=3.00,p<0.05). The study revealed that gaps in leadership pipeline, difficulty in filling key employee’s position, inadequate career paths and ineffective line management were the major challenges facing the Nigerian oil and gas industry (Fcal=1882.01>Ftab=3.00,p<0.05). It was discovered that the internal supply of trained, experienced and motivated talents who could create the necessary competitive edge and sustain the companies through turbulent and uncertain business environment were the key prospects of succession management(Fcal=2094.23>Ftab=3.00,p<0.05). The study revealed that succession management engendered significantly labour retention among employees in Nigerian oil and gas industry(Fcal=7403.66>Ftab=3.00,p<0.05). Scholars have extensively discussed the effect of succession management on the survival of organizations. They have also discussed the principles and operational procedures of succession management. However, there are dearth of relevant information on the implementation of succession management in Nigerian oil industry and its effect on the survival of the industry. The study found that there was a gap between the perceived and actual position of succession management in the oil industry which serves as a wake up call for the industry. It was recommended that the industry should evolve strategies aimed at identification of where and when leadership pipeline is running dry, planning and development of management so as not to lack the capability to compete in the future, and creating changes to refocus the firms position in the market place. All organisations need strong leaders in order to maintain continuity and remain relevant in the ever turbulent environment. Therefore succession management ensures the corporate survival and goal attainment in Nigerian oil and gas industry.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
- Background of the Study 1
- Profile of Selected Organizations 15
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.5 Summary of Review of Related Literature 46
- Introduction 59
- Sampling and Sampling Procedure 60
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
- Introduction 66
- Data Presentation and Analysis 66
- Test of Hypotheses 77
- Discussion of Findings 82
- Discussion of Findings Related to Objective One 82
- Discussion of Findings Related to Objective Two 87
- Discussion of Findings Related to Objective Three 89
- Discussion of Findings Related to Objective Four 94
- Discussion of Findings Related to Objective Five 97
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- Introduction 105
- Summary of Findings 105
- Conclusion 106
- Recommendations 106
- Contribution to Knowledge 107
- Areas for Further Research 109
Bibliography 110
Appendixes 121
LIST OF TABLES
Table 3.1 Population of the Study 60
Table 4.1 Age of Respondents 67
Table 4.2 Length of Service of Respondents 67
Table 4.3 Educational Qualification of Respondents 68
Table 4.4.An Analysis of Response on Succession Management
as a Strategy for Growth and Profitability 69
Table 4.5 An Analysis of Response on Succession Management’s
Efficiency in terms of Competition among firms 71
Table 4.6 An Analysis of Response on Succession Management Challenges and influence
on survival of oil industry 73
Table 4.7An Analysis of Prospects Associated with the Adoption of Succession Management 74
Table 4.8 Analysis of whether non Practice of Succession Management
could Account for Failure of Nigerian Oil Industr 75
Table 4.9 An Analysis of whether Succession Management Engenders Retention- impact and Discourages Labour Turnover among Employees in Nigerian Oil Industry 76
Table 4.10 Computational Details of Hypothesis one 77
Table 4.11 Computational Details of Hypothesis two 78
Table 4.12 Computational Details of Hypothesis three 79
Table 4.13 Computational Details of Hypothesis four 80
Table 4.14 Computational Details of Hypothesis five 81
ABBREVIATIONS
CEO – Chief Executive Officer
HR – Human Resources
SP&M – Succession Planning and Management NNPC – Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation SPDC – Shell Petroleum Development Company O & O – Ocean and Oil
GE – General Electric
IBM – International Business Machines
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1 Seven-Pointed Star Model for Systematic Succession Planning and
Management 26
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background of the Study
The earliest author to support and accept the benefits of succession planning was Henry Fayol. As the managing director of a large coal mine in France, Fayol became fascinated by the practice of management, and mapped out the principles for effective organizations through his fourteen principles of management in 1916.He believed that deliberate leadership replacement planning was a requirement of managers and that it was the only way to avoid organizational missteps by putting persons in positions for which they were not ready. Stability of tenure of personnel as one of his principles, explains the need for employees to be given time to settle with their jobs, absence of which may lead to unnecessary turnover and bad management. This indicates that failure to prepare the workforce of tomorrow would lead to filing leadership vacancies improperly. Fayol was also passionate in his belief that all employees should have a chance to prosper and that talented employees could climb from the lowest to the highest levels of the hierarchy. (Rothwell 2005, Weihrich, Cannice, and Koontz 2008)
It was research into the impact of leadership changes in baseball team performance that perhaps triggered interest in succession as an important organizational activity (Azure, 2008). Gamson and Scotch (1964) put forth a ritual scapegoating theory of succession that was demonstrated through the work of their study of professional baseball. The team owners and general managers generally have a more significant role in obtaining talent and conducting the operations of the team, but when the performance of the baseball team falters, the on-field manager (or coach) is the one that is publicly fired, ultimately displacing the blame, and creating
a succession approach. (The Leadership Quarterly 2005)
Succession management as a formal mechanism probably made its biggest advances with the rise of the “corporation” in the 1950s and 1960s. Growing complexity of size and organizational scope demanded a more systematic way to capture information about individuals, their performance, potential to progress and readiness to take a greater responsibility(Azure, 2008).. Directors and shareholders of multinational companies such as Pepsico began to worry about the future success and direction of their organizations. They realized that by planning who would take over senior positions, they could help ensure company growth and stability. By following the ideas of Fayol and example of pepsico and others, major companies began to adopt succession strategies. Toyota, International Business Machines (IBM), General Electric (GE) and Microsoft are now among the globally – recognized names that use succession planning (Continuum Briefing, 2013)
Grusky (1960) who puts forth the vicious-circle theory states that succession is a universal organization process and its absence leads to organization instability. The incidence of turmoil through changes in policies and practices put forth by the new leader is a part of the vicious circle. Grusky developed research methods to test hypotheses within succession and pave the way for other researchers to follow. His basic reasons for the study of succession were hinged on the following: that administrative succession always leads to organizational instability and that succession planning is a phenomenon that all organization must cope with.
Kesner and Sebora (1994) observed that it was Walter Mahler (1980) that first recognised the advantages of succession planning to companies’ performance and encouragement to preplan for transition by focusing on impacts of succession such as company size, type, industry,
methodologies, internal versus external candidates, psychological characteristics with succession, and more in his research.
In the traditional and replacement method, when a business leader retired or died, the organization would appoint a successor, without proactive reasoning but on impulse with the belief on candidate’s abilities, or someone trained for the post would simply step into the role, or in the absence of an obvious candidate, rivals would compete against each other for the right to become leader. Allen (2005) agreed that this was the replacement method and was the traditional method used to fill vacancies in leadership and that it consisted of pre-selecting substitutes for key position. A brief training period may have been implemented to provide the future replacement with information pertaining to the job they might need to fill. Emphasis was placed only on replacement as an answer to vacancies created by a tragedy, such as death or a decision to leave for another position.
Allen (2005) points out that the replacement method has been utilized for decades with relative degree of success because:
- Organizations were more stable and there were fewer changes in job responsibilities or titles.
- Technical changes were not as rapid and were more easily anticipated. 3.There were more middle managers available for replacement training.
- The human resource department employed larger members of staff that were dedicated solely to personnel development.
- Typical career ladders were rigidly determined and employees rarely tried to deviate from the normal promotional routes.
Succession planning is different from replacement planning because it focuses on
forecasting organizational needs. It is not based upon reactions to an unforeseen event. It is based upon proactively securing the human resources needed with regard to their talent in order to ensure the conformity and prosperity of the organization. Armstrong (2009) in agreement with this posits that talent consists of those individuals who can make a difference to contribution or in the longer term by demonstrating the high levels of potentials and that talent should be observed and cultivated from within the organization.
Corporate organizations must therefore think more strategically in terms of their talent roster. An organization ability to master the abundant labour challenges may make the difference between overall organization success and failure. Some of the organizational changes that make the traditional replacement method obsolete for today’s organizations include:
- Skilled employees have many choices. Promotion does not necessarily mean upward mobility.
- Technology is changing faster than ever before
- Downsizing has eliminated layers of middle managers that would have been suitable candidates for leadership mentoring.
- Decentralization of human resource function has created a fragmented organization effort. 5.Upper level executives are met by increased demands. This makes it difficult to dedicate
the time and effort required to develop the next level of leaders
- Executives have a multitude of choices when it comes to career opportunities and employee loyalty is relic of the past.
- Trends such as outsourcing, automation, and global competition have increased the labour crises in corporate organization (Allen, 2005).
There has been a renewed interest in leadership planning and the need for new models that
reach beyond a single emergency successor since the mid 1990s. Hence the process of succession planning has subsequently emerged from a simple back of the envelope process in the 1960s to one that is highly strategic, objective and formalized to yield broad talent pool rather than limiting the planning process to a single successor (Fulmer and Conger, 2004).
Pearce and Robinson (2005) distinguish between the traditional and the modern methods as they posit that today’s competitive environment requires a different set of management competencies than we traditionally associate with the role. The balance has clearly shifted from attributes traditionally thought of as masculine (strong decision making, leading the troops, driving strategy washing competitive battle) to more famine qualities (listening, relationship building, and maturity). The model today is not much “take it on your shoulders” as it is to “create the environment that will enable others to carry part of the burden.” The focus is on unlocking the organization’s human asset potential. Kesler (2002) in agreement with Pearce and Robinson submits that the most important change that occurred in succession management in the recent years is the paradigm shift from replacement planning to talent development .Whereas replacement planning focuses narrowly on identifying specific back-up candidates for given senior management positions, talent development concerns itself with building a series of feeder groups up and down the entire leadership pipeline or progression (Charan, Drotter, and Noel, 2001).
Many management scholars argued that traditional succession planning as used in the 20th century is now very inappropriate and inadequate. McKinsey (1997) declares them a failure and the most under-managed asset for two decades. As a result, attention has shifted from mere replacement planning to make leadership bench deeper. Admittedly, most position driven replacement planning is a forecast which does little to change leadership readiness. In other
words, very little is different after companies invest months in completing detailed executive replacement plan. In agreement with McKinsey, Kesler (2002) opines that most position driven succession planning gently militates against change because filling in succession chart often produces a sense of accomplishment. As a result, attention is shifted to attracting and grooming best talents. Hirsh (2000) asserts that active development of a strong and deep talent pool for the future is seen as the best way for planning succession. This is also seen as vital to the attraction and retention of the ‘best’ people.
Apart from shift in emphasis from replacement planning to talent development, other changes that have taken place in the practice of succession management include:
- Planning for ‘pools’ of jobs where possible, not just for individual posts.
- A more devolved model, with only very senior roles and small high potential’ population planned for the corporate centre.
- Acceptance of the need for a more diverse senior management group with functional strength as well as general management skills.
- Consideration of future skill needs as well as current skills (linked, but not restricted to competence framework)
- Enthronement of meritocracy philosophy that is more on the performance, skills and potentials of individual.
- A collective management process for identifying successors and taking responsibility for their development.
- More involvement of the individual and a gradual shift towards a more open approach this includes adapting succession to take account of increasingly open internal job advertising.
- Less emphasis on ‘the plan’ but more on the dialogue and the valuable database which is built through the process and which can be used in a variety of ways such as during candidate search or reorganizations.
- Line ownership of succession planning process often led by the CEO with active facilitation and support from HR.
The central idea that brought about the new trend and changes in succession planning is the realization that succession planning needed to be refocused away from replacement planning to include a more comprehensive set of assessment and development practices that support flow of talent from entry level recruiting to general management selection (Dessler, 2007).
In Nigeria and other parts of Africa, family business constitutes the oldest and most dominant form of business. The traditional practices in this part of the globe support the sharing of the businessman assets among his relatives, children and sometimes wives in the event of his death. Bernes and Hershan (1976) submit that the question about succession within the family members could be very sensitive subject since it is somewhat taboo to discuss matters that could be related to death. Forrest, 1994, Wild, 1997 as in Maphosa(1999) submit that indigenous Africa enterprises have very often died with their founders. Willer (1996) in a study in Nigeria discovered that many of the founders of businesses she studied did not have clear succession plans (Maphosa, 1999).
Levensaler (2008) submits that there are nine key challenges facing organisations in their current business environment that compel them to embrace the practice of succession management.
They are:
- Gaps in leadership pipeline
- Creating a performance-driven culture
- Difficulty filling key employees position
- Retention problem
- Developing new skills to meet business conditions
- Hiring people quickly due to company growth
- impending retirement of key workers
– Downsizing the organisation’s workforce
In agreement with Levensaler, Cerder Crestone (2008) reports that he following challenges are crying for attention of succession management:
- Leadership gaps are not closing
- High proportion of key talents are at the risk of turnover
- Executive recruitment is producing uninspiring results
- Inadequate career paths and ineffective line management are contributing to employee turnover
- Adjusting development programme to suit business needs
- Downsizing the organisation’s workforce.
Employment or personnel planning is the process of deciding what positions the firm will have to fill and how to fill them. It covers all future positions, from Maintenance Clerk to Chief Executive Officer. However, most firms call the process of deciding how to fill the company’s most important executive jobs, succession planning (Dessler, 2007). Rothwel (2005) defines succession management as a deliberate and systematic effort by an organization to ensure leadership continuity in key positions, retain and develop intellectual and knowledge capital for the future and encourage individual advancement.
It is of great necessity at this juncture to assert that the aforesaid brings to fore the importance of succession management as a tool for employees performance. It may be an antidote for moral and performance boosting as it recognizes and develops internal talents to amiable performance. Wilk and Capelli (2003) give credence to this as they agree that forecasting the availability of inside executive candidate is particularly important in succession planning as it enhances and boost performance. The active and positive support of people can be gained through succession management and correct succession management in an organization may reduce the need to bring in new talents and therefore reduces the expense of recruiting.
The Nigeria oil industry comprises of numerous companies; prominent among which are: Oando Oil Nigeria Plc, Conoil Nigeria Plc, Total Oil Nigeria Plc, Shell Petroleum Development Company Plc, Mobil Oil Plc, MRS Oil Nigeria Plc, and Eterna Oil Plc. The Department of Petroleum Resources is the official industry regulator, with the responsibility to supervise the activities of all companies licensed to operate in the industry. Hoffman and Womack (2011) posit that the oil industry is highly specialized and technical in nature with some companies having handful of non-executive employees-including some five or six layers deep in the organization – who have a significant impact on company results. These individuals have unmatched technical knowledge and experience that is critical to the company’s core mission in key areas such as geosciences, offshore and international operations, reservoir engineering etc. losing a handful of these pivotal talents over a short time frame would cripple some companies. Therefore, it has become critical for the oil industry to tap on succession management which may provide a significant long-term competitive advantage, ensuring that the company has the talent, skills and expertise to achieve its strategic objectives over time.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Levensaler (2008) submits that there are nine key challenges facing organisations in their current business environment that compel them to embrace the practice of succession management.
They are:
- Gaps in leadership pipeline
- Creating a performance-driven culture
- Difficulty filling key employees position
- Retention problem
- Developing new skills to meet business conditions
- Hiring people quickly due to company growth
- impending retirement of key workers
– Downsizing the organisation’s workforce
In agreement with Levensaler, CerderCrestone (2008) reports that the following challenges are crying for attention of succession management:
- Leadership gaps are not closing
- High proportion of key talents are at the risk of turnover
- Executive recruitment is producing uninspiring results
- Inadequate career paths and ineffective line management are contributing to employee turnover
- Adjusting development programme to suit business needs
- Downsizing the organisation’s workforce.
Some business organizations pay less attention to their talent/skill gaps and make poor choice of leaders during leadership transition. This can disorganize the leadership transition and open such organizations to potential losses; which could be monetary or otherwise. Often the greatest loss to an organization from an ineffective leadership transition is the loss of mission- related activity and growth. When energies are focused elsewhere, mission-related opportunities are missed or are passed over from fear of change.
The increase in worldwide labour turnover and retention problems owing to attractive incentives offered by high grade companies for accomplished managers to join them has disrupted many organizations. Companies that are not prepared for accomplished managers’ departure may experience huge financial losses in filling the vacant positions created by their departure. More so, extended and prolonged vacancies can result to delay in projects, revenues are unrealized, accounts are lost, innovation is lost and employees’ morale may suffer.
When organizations put unsound human resource policies and practices (such as poor career development and disregard for skill and leadership development among others) in place employees feel unsatisfied, unsafe and may not work to their full potentials. The need to seek opportunities elsewhere is therefore encouraged and promoted.
The corporate environment has historically promoted employees with leadership roles thoroughly evaluating true capabilities of the individuals. Possessing a technical skill often times has been the basic reason for promotion. However, technical skill does not always translate into
leadership ability. Many of these talented individual drown in their new roles largely occasioned by lack of leadership training.
Scholars have extensively discussed the principles and operational procedures of succession management. However, there has been insufficient information on the implementation of succession management and its effect on survival and goal attainment in Nigerian oil and gas industry. Against this background a study of the effect of management succession on corporate survival and goal attainment in the Nigerian oil and gas industry is pertinent.
1.3. Objectives of the Study
The task before the researcher calls for the examination of the effects of succession management on corporate survival and goal attainment in corporate organizations in Nigeria using the oil and gas industry as a case study. To this end the following specific objectives have been formulated:
- To ascertain the extent to which succession management can function as a strategy for growth and profitability in Nigerian oil and gas industry.
- To assess the extent to which succession management encourages healthy competition and advances continuity of corporate objectives in Nigerian oil industry.
- To ascertain the extent to which challenges of succession management influence survival and goal attainment in Nigerian oil and gas industry.
- To determine the prospects associated with the adoption of succession management in Nigerian oil and gas industry.
- To ascertain the extent to which succession management engenders labour retention among employees in Nigerian oil and gas industry.
1.4. Research Questions
The following research questions are formulated in this study:
- To what extent does succession management function as a strategy for growth and profitability in Nigerian oil and gas industry?
- How do we assess succession management efficiency in terms of competition and advancement of continuity of corporate objectives in Nigerian oil industry?
- To What extent do challenges of succession management influence the survival and goal attainment in Nigerian oil and gas industry?
- What prospects are associated with the adoption of succession management in Nigerian oil industry?
- To what extent does succession management engender significant labour retention among employees in Nigerian oil industry?
1.5. Research Hypotheses
The following hypotheses are formulated to guide this study:
- Succession management to a large extent functions as a strategy for growth and profitability in Nigerian oil and gas industry.
- Succession management significantly engenders healthy competition and advancement of continuity of corporate objectives in Nigerian oil industry.
- The challenges of succession management to a large extent influence the survival and goal attainment through gaps in leadership pipeline, difficulty in filling key employee’s positions, inadequate career paths and ineffective line management in Nigerian oil and gas industry.
- Succession management to a large extent ensures the supply of talented, experienced and motivated staff ready for key positions, encourage employee’s morale and cope with the effect of attrition in Nigerian oil and gas industry.
- Succession management significantly engenders labour retention among employees in Nigerian oil and gas industry.
1.6. Significance of the Study
This work will expose the usefulness of succession management as one of the ways of curbing leadership crises in the industry and other corporate organizations. It is therefore of relevant assistance to management and staff of the industry other management practitioners as it will educate them on how to cope with leadership crises and talent management.
It is also of great relevance to the shareholders. As owners of the companies, they will benefit from high dividend payment as well as retained profits for future growth with the adoption of succession management by their companies. Government economic policy makers will benefit greatly from this work in their policies making.
The study is also of relevance to students and future researchers who may wish to carryout research work on succession management. More so, the study points out areas of further research which act as a guide to the aforementioned prospective researchers.
1.7. Scope of the Study
This study is specifically an investigation into the effects of management succession on corporate performance in the oil industry between 2009 and 2014. Following the creation of Niger Delta Ministry, the year 2009 was the year 15000 insurgents across the Niger Delta turned both themselves and their guns in and declared an indefinite ceasefire(Economist 2009, Davis
2009) thus creating enabling environment for corporate governance and management of oil and gas industry.
This work has succession management as the independent variable. Corporate survival and goal attainment are the dependent variables. The work also covers the leadership transition and activities of the executive directors/management of some selected oil companies with head offices and operational areas located in south-western and south-southern Nigeria respectively. To this end the following companies which are some of the major players in the Nigerian oil industry (owing to their high staff strength and large operational capacity) have been selected for this study:
Shell Petroleum Development Company Nigeria Plc Oando Oil Company Nigeria Plc
Conoil Nigeria Plc Total Nigeria Plc MRS Oil Nigeria Plc
1.8. Limitations of the Study
The researcher had limited access to information from the oil companies mainly for espionage reasons. This covers the fear of not divulging information of strategic nature to their contemporaries, as they do not know the true identity of the researcher who may be acting as an industrial spy. Some respondents sought permission from their superior officers before they interacted with the researcher as all information are rated ‘top secretes’ by their organizations.
It was difficult in booking interview dates with some management staff of the selected companies. In most cases, interview dates were cancelled and shifted owing to exigencies of duties. Improper filling of questionnaire by some of the respondents nearly rendered the usage
for the study useless. Some respondents found it difficult to return their questionnaire despite several calls. This necessitated frequent visits to them which encroached on the time and finances of the researcher.
The literature on succession management has little to show with respect to the restrictive area of oil industry.
1.9. Profile of Selected Organisations Shell Petroleum Development Company
Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Plc is the first and the largest oil exploration and producing company in the country. It was incorporated in 1936 and was originally jointly financed by the Royal Dutch/Shell Group of Companies and BP Group on an equal basis.
In April 1973 the Federal Government of Nigeria acquired 35 percent participation in the company’s lease. This was increased to 55 percent with effect from April 1, 1974. On August I, 1979, the Federal Government took over BP’s interest (20 percent) in the then NNPC/Shell BP joint venture. Following this, the company’s name was changed from Shell BP Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Limited to Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Limited.
The first commercial oil field was discovered by the company in 1956 at Oloibiri , in what is now known as Rivers State. Shell performs a dual role. On one hand, it is a participant with NNPC in joint venture exploring and producing hydrocarbons in a considerable number of oil mining leases throughout the Niger Delta. On the other hand, it is the operator for joint venture acting on behalf of both participants.
Shell head office is located in Lagos at Freeman’s House, 21/22 Marina. The company’s activities in the areas of operations are controlled from two centers-Portharcourt, and Warri. The Lagos office is responsible for general planning, technical and management services required to back up the operations. The numerical strength of the work force was estimated to be about 35,000 staff. This consisted of 5,000 staff of which 95% were Nigerians, 8,000 contract staff and an estimated 20,000 contract staff working for the various contract projects for the organization. Oando Oil Company Nigeria Plc.
The company commenced operations in 1956 as a petroleum-marketing company in Nigeria under the name ESSO West Africa Incorporated, a subsidiary of EXXON Corporation and was incorporated under Nigeria law as Esso Standard Nigeria Limited in 1969. In 1976, the Federal Government acquired Exxon’s interest in ESSO; ESSO was nationalized and rebranded as Unipetrol Nigeria Limited. A process of privatization began in 1991 when the federal government divested 60 % of its shareholding in Unipetrol to the public. Unipetrol shares were listed on Nigeria Stock Exchange in February 1992, quoted as Unipetrol Nigeria Plc. Under the second phase of the privatization process, the federal government sold its remaining shareholding in Unipetrol. Ocean and Oil Investments Nigeria Limited (OOIN), the company’s major shareholder in 2000, acquired 30% in Unipetrol from the federal government. The residual 10% stake held by the federal government was sold to the public in 2001.
In August 2002, Unipetrol acquired a 60% stake in Agip Nigeria Plc from Agip Petroleum International. The remaining 40% of the shares in Agip was acquired by Unipetrol by way of a share swap in a scheme of merger. The combined entity that resulted from the merger of Unipetrol and Agip was rebranded Oando Plc in December 2003.Ocean and oil Plc also known as Oando Plc has its business organized into the following divisions: Exploration and production,
energy services, gas and power, marketing, supply and trading, refinery terminals. The company’s head office is located at No. 2 Ajose Adeogun Street Victoria Island Lagos.
Conoil Nigeria Plc
Conoil Plc formerly known as National Oil and Chemical Marketing Plc, was incorporated in 1960 as a private limited liability company. The company was converted to a public company on 29th August 1991. In the year 2000, the Federal Government of Nigeria , through the Bureau of Public Enterprises (BPE) bought 40% issued ordinary shares of the company held by Shell Company of Nigeria acquired 60% of the issued shares of the company. As a result of a rights issue made by the company in 2012, Competro Limited now holds 74.4% of the issued capital while the Nigerian public holds the remaining 25.6%.
The principal activities of the company are the marketing of refined petroleum products, manufacturing and marketing of lubricants, household and industrial chemicals. The company’s head office is located at Bull Plaza, 38/39, Marina Lagos.
Total Nigeria Plc.
Total S.A (The parent company of Total Nigeria Plc), is a publicly traded oil company with business in exploration and production, refining, marketing and trading. It is also a player in the chemicals sector. The company was incorporated as private limited liability company in 1956 and was converted to a public company in 1978. The merger of the company with Elf Oil Nigeria Limited which commenced globally in November 1999 was completed in 2002. With this development the Authorized issued and fully paid share capital was ^148,541,000 made up of 297,082,000 ordinary shares of 50k each. In March 2002, the authorized share capital became
^169,760,918 made up of 339,521,837 ordinary shares of 50k each. 61.72% of the company’s ordinary shares are held by Total Societe Anonyme (world wide) with head office in Paris. The remaining 38.28% are held by Nigerian public. To mark the completion of its corporate mergers, Total group worldwide reverted to its former name Total in 2003 and adopted a new logo with a unifying design to express its corporate ambition. Accordingly, the company changed its name from TotalF in a Elf Nigeria Plc to Total Nigeria Plc in the same year. The company is engaged in blending of lubricants and sales of petroleum products. It has three main business lines: white Products (Retail and General Trade), Lubricants, Special products and aviation fuels. The company’s head office is located at Total House, 4 AfriBank Street Victoria Island Lagos.
MRS Oil Nigeria Plc.
MRS, founded in Nigeria in 1995, is an integrated group of companies comprising Ovias Trading and Supply in Geneva, Koggi Shipping in Ghana, MRS Oil and Gas and MRS Investments in Nigeria.
Early in 2009, in their effort to grow and expand their business across Africa, they concluded a high profile acquisition of the Chevron downstream assets in West-Africa flagging Texaco brand. With this acquisition, they inherited a strong brand 400 dedicated foundation with over 50 years presence in Africa and a human capital of over, experienced and well-trained employees whom the company builds on for its future growth.
MRS is an African conglomerate that focuses on diverse key activities in oil trading, shipping, storage distribution and retailing. Their goal is to always deliver the ultimate in customer service by tailoring their operation to their customers’ need. The company’s corporate headquarters is located at 2, Tincan IslandPort Road, Apapa, Lagos.
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