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STUDIES ON TURCICUM BLIGHT OF SELECTED EARLY AND EXTRA EARLY MAIZE (Zea mays L.) LINES INDUCED BY Helminthosporium turcicum Pass IN ZARIA
ABSTRACT
During the 1997 and 1998 cropping seasons, studies on turcicum blight of maize (Zea mays L.) induced by Helminthosporium turcicum Pass were carried out in Zaria using selected early and extra-early maize lines. The pathogenicity test carried out in the glass house confirmed Helminthosporium turcicum as the causative agent of the disease. Field and glasshouse screening of fifteen early and eleven extra-early maize lines for their resistance to turcicum blight was conducted in 1997 and 1998. Seven early lines (AK 9331-DMSR, SynE2, ACR 92TZE Comp. 5-W, Dorke-SR, Farakoba 90 pool 16DT (HD), NAES pool 16DT, DT-E-Y SR) and five extra-early lines, TZE-W-SRBC5, CSP-SRBC5, KEB, TZEF-Y-SR, 95.TZEE-W1 were moderately resistant while CSP x local Raytiri, CSP-SR x TZEE-Y among the extra-early lines and AB 11, Kamboinse 88 Pool 16DT RE among the early lines were moderately susceptible. Sowing date trials at 14-day intervals were conducted in 1997 and 1998 using early line AB 11 and extra-early line CSP-SR x TZEE-Y. The sowing dates were June 26, July 10, July 24 and August 7 in 1997; June 29, July 13, July 27 and August 10 in 1998. In both lines, disease incidences were recorded at 30, 45 and 60 days after sowing (DAS) while severity were recorded at 50, 60 and 70 (DAS). The maximum disease severity (12.71 % and 26. 04%) was recorded on early maize lines planted on July 24 and 27 (i.e. third sowing date) in 1997 and 1998 respectively. The highest grain yields in both years (1997 and 1998) (2592.6kg/ha and 1592.6kg/ha) respectively were recorded on maize planted on June 26 and 29 (i.e., first sowing date) that were least affected with turcicum blight. For the extra – early lines, the maximum disease severity (9.68% and 38.34%) were recorded on maize planted in July 24 and 27 in 1997 and 1998 respectively. Least severity (7.61% and 17.08%) was recorded on maize planted on June 26 and 29 in both years with subsequent significantly (p= 0.05) highest yield (2555.6 kg/ha) in 1997.
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