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STUDIES ON SORGHUM (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) HEADBUGS AT SAMARU, ZARIA
ABSTRACT
Seven mirid headbugs were identified in this study on six sorghum varieties (ICSV 111, ICSV 247, NR 71168, NR 71182, KSV 8 and SK 5912) . They are in order of their abundance, Campvlomma spp. Odhiambo, Psallus spp., Adelphocoris apicalis Reuter, Taylorilycpas vosseleri Poppius, Creontiades pallidus Ramber and Sternotus affinis Poppius. Peak population of headbugs occurred at the middle of October and towards end of November, at the soft to medium dough stages of sorghum development. At soft dough stage, E. oldi had the highest population of 53 9.0 per 5 panicles, while C. Pallidus had the lowest population of 6.75 per 5 panicles. Campvlomma spp and Psallus spp occurred earlier in the season than the rest of the seven headbugs. Orius spp (which could be a predator on headbugs) was recorded in high numbers. Three planting dates were also observed for avoiding severe headbugs infestation. Sorghum sown on 15 July showed less infestation of mirid headbugs (52.0 and 56.0 for 1993 and 1994, respectively) and this gave the highest grain yield of 73 0 kg/ha. More headbug numbers occurred in 24 June sown sorghum (57.0 in 1993) and on 5 August sown sorghum (76.0 in 1994) . Lower grain yields were obtained on 24 June sown sorghum (615.0 kg/ha) and 5 August sown sorghum (583.0 kg/ha), respectively. Artificial infestation of sorghum with 15 pairs of adult E. oldi caused grain yield loss of 44.0% and 34.0% at complete anthesis and milk stage of sorghum development, respectively; while infestation with 5, 10 and 20 pairs caused lower grain yield loss. The lowest grain yield loss of 32.0% and 26.0% at the two stages, respectively, was obtained with bugs infested with 5 pairs
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