POPULATION EXPLOSION IN NIGERIA: CAUSES, ITS EFFECTS ON EDUCATIONAL SECTOR AND THE WAYS FORWARD

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POPULATION EXPLOSION IN NIGERIA: CAUSES, ITS EFFECTS ON EDUCATIONAL SECTOR AND THE WAYS FORWARD

ABSTRACT

This paper treated the causes of population explosion and its effects on educational sector in Nigeria. Various past studies by researchers and personal experiences of the author as a Nigerian were critically examined. Causes of population explosion and its effects on educational sector were fully discussed. The paper went further to propose the various measures to be put in place to control the incoming birth rate by the Federal Government and Nigerians themselves. Among the proposed measures to control population explosion were executive and legislation policies, sex education and among others. The paper concluded that since the Federal Government is desirous to eliminate poverty, hunger, illiteracy, diseases and to provide effective food, healthcare and education to our future generations, then, the government should take the drastic steps to implement the stated measures.

Keywords: Birth rate, Causes, Educational Sector, Effects, Population Explosion, Solutions.

INTRODUCTION

Hornby (2010) defined population as the total number of people who live in a particular area, city or country. The population of people in a country is very unique to the development of that country. A country cannot manage itself without the human resources of the country. Of course, the human resources are obtained from the total population of it. Without the population of people in a country, technological advancement cannot be emerged. Although, the population of people in a country is a natural phenomenon. To the Christians, the Bible has told us that go to the world and multiply. In other words, the population of people is ordained by God Almighty. But the same God Almighty didnot directed men and women to give birth to children they cannot cater for. Meanwhile, population explosion is the continuous or rapid increase in the total number of people living in a particular area, city or country without corresponding increase in the available resources that will sustained the people. Presently, Nigeria is faced with the population explosion of people in all parts of the country. This high population growth in Nigeria has over stressed all sectors of the economy with high cost of living. According to Fan and Besong (2010), the factors that were responsible to the population explosion in Nigeria were high birth rate, low death rate and immigration. Fan and Besong (2010) further stated that population competes directly for the finite resources that would have been used to generate income. The two authors maintained that the consequences of this high increase in the population were that children will be chronically malnourished and there will be high level of unemployment, hence, low level of income per capital.

Nigeria is a country where some married couples and unmarried couples gave birth to children they cannot cater for. The number of children per couple is not controlled by the government of the day. With the Corona Virus disease, popularly called Covid-19, it becomes very cleared to all Nigerians that, indeed, there is population explosion in Nigeria.

At the moment, the level of poverty in Nigeria is not encouraging. One of the factors that is responsible for the abnormal level of poverty in Nigeria is the imbalance between the available

ADUWA, John

resources and the population of the people. For instance, as at the time of writing this article, the prices of goods in the market have been on the increase on a daily basis. In Economics as a subject in the secondary school level, when demand is in excess over supply, prices of goods will definitely increase. Moreover, the writer of this article strongly believed that population explosion of people is one of the factors responsible for the abnormal increase in the prices of goods in the market. Holistically, many Nigerians are not even aware that, indeed, Nigeria is overpopulated. Let us look at the area of employment of Nigerians into various positions in the different ministries at the Federal and State levels, the huge number of applicants that will apply for such vacancies is very amazing. For instance, if the Federal Government declared 10,000 positions to be fill in the different ministries and agencies, over 100,000 applicants will apply for 10,000 positions. Nigeria as the giant of Africa has the needed human and material resources to regulate its population. Meanwhile, various policies put in place by the Federal Government of Nigeria, if at all such policies exist, to check excessive population of Nigerians are not working. Although, many studies on population explosion in Nigeria have been conducted by researchers, but majority of such studies were not linked to the educational sector. Therefore, this paper will examine the causes of population explosion in Nigeria and its effects on the educational sector, and also, the ways forward.

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