PERCEPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF AIR POLLUTION FROM QUARRYING ACTIVITIES

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PERCEPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF AIR POLLUTION FROM QUARRYING ACTIVITIES

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study

Industries have generated a surge of interest among environmentalists and planners who are interested in the environmental impacts of industries. In recent years, scholars such as Scott (1998) and Pallen (1996) have tried to analyze the correlation between environmental damage and the growth of industries particularly in developing countries where the growth has been phenomenal. According to Scott (1998), the environmental impacts of the industries in the developing world have tended to be ignored. Although the promotion of such enterprises is seen as a way to provide employment and incomes, there is little evidence available on environmental impact and sustainability of such industries to guide decision makers. In his investigation of impacts of the industries in urban environment in India, Pallen (1996) asserts that although many firms are resourceful in many respects they can also be very environmentally problematic. When engaged in industrial activity they create more pollution per unit of investment because they operate in poorer, more populous neighbourhoods, this pollution can have more disastrous consequences (Aribigbola et al, 2012).

Quarrying products are increasingly demanded for industrial, domestic, agricultural and other purposes so as to satisfy the needs of the rapidly growing population. Quarrying operations generally involve removal of over- burden, drilling, blasting and crushing of rock materials. The various impacts produced by these operations are both size and locations dependent. Manifestations of specific impacts are on the air, water, soil, earth surface, flora and fauna, and human beings (Areola, 1991). Apart from land degradation, other negative impacts of quarrying includes swamp creation, deterioration of ground water, erosion of soil, noise and percussions from rock blasting, generation of dust, smoke and fumes; production of noxious gases and ground vibration. Suspended particulate matter is quite outstanding among all pollutants emanating from quarrying operations (United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2008).

1.2 Statement of the problem

The concept of environmental sustainability is a fairly new formulation in the development thought. The most widely used definitions of the concept of sustainable development, comes from the United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development, which defined it as the “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generation to meet their own needs (United Nations Office, 1996). According to Rowan-Robinson et al (1995) sustainable development has no precise legal meaning. It is a policy goal. The essence of sustainability is that the future should not be sacrificed for short-term advantages. To quote the UN Brundtland Report (2008), all our needs should be met in a way which does not compromise the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This view emphasizes how decisions and actions today can affect the future especially in relation to natural resources availability, environmental health, and destruction of local and global ecosystems and most importantly the sustainability of our cities.

1.3 Objectives of the study

1. To assess the environmental challenges of quarrying on the workers and residents of umuaghara

2. To understand the relationship between quarrying activities and air pollution

1.4 Research questions

1. What are the environmental challenges of quarrying on the workers and residents of umuaghara

2. What is the relationship between quarrying activities and air pollution

1.5 Research Hypothesis

H0: There is no relationship between quarrying activities and air pollution

H1: H0: There is a relationship between quarrying activities and air pollution

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