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Oil Extraction and Perfume Formulation from
Plants: A Review
ABSTRACT
Perfume industries are growing in demand as the living standards are improving day by day. There is increasing demand for perfumes. They mask the body odor. Various methods such as solvent extraction, hydro distillation and enfleurag can be used for oil extraction. Distillation based recovery processes such as steam and vacuum distillation are preferred for the extraction of essential oils from plant materials. Other methods include solvent extraction, expression or enfleurage. The current review summarizes research on various methods for oil extraction and perfume formation from various raw materials.
Key words: Distillation, extraction, yield, essential oil, solvent.
INTRODUCTION
Fragrance oil(s) are also known as aroma oils, aromatic oils, and flavor oils. They are synthetic aroma compounds or natural essential oils that are diluted with a carrier like propylene glycol, vegetable oil, or mineral oil. Perfume is a mixture of fragrant essential oils or aroma compounds, fixatives and solvents. It gives a pleasant scent to the human body, animals, food, objects, and living-spaces. Perfume give pleasant feeling and increases enthusiasm to perform better at workplaces. Many plant extracts are very important from therapeutical perspectives. Extracts of biologically active components isolated from plant species finds numerous applications in perfume, aroma and pharmaceutical industries. A perfume is composed of three notes, namely base note, middle note and top note. Smell of fragrance after drying is referred as base note. Mixing of perfume with unique body chemistry forms middle note. The first smell experienced in an aroma is top note. Plant and animal substances are traditionally used for perfume formation. Essential oils, pure grain oil and water are three key ingredients in relation to perfume making. Essential oils, or volatile oils, are found in many different plants. Investigations are reported on oil extraction by distillation for modification and optimization. [1,2] Various analytical and physical aspects have been investigated by various investigators. [3-5] In the current review, the summery on research carried out for perfume and essential oil extraction from various sources is presented.
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