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LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS OF DECENTRALIZED AND CENTRALIZED RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM IN PARTS OF ANAMBRA STATE
ABSTRACT
This research conducts a comprehensive Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) to evaluate the environmental, economic, and social impacts of both decentralized and centralized rainwater harvesting systems implemented in selected regions of Anambra State. Rainwater harvesting serves as a sustainable water management strategy, and this study seeks to provide a holistic understanding of the life cycle sustainability implications associated with different implementation approaches.
The LCA methodology encompasses three key phases: (1) extraction and transportation of materials for system installation, (2) system operation and maintenance, and (3) end-of-life disposal or reuse. Environmental impacts, including energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and water footprint, are quantified alongside economic costs and social benefits to provide a comprehensive assessment.
Findings from the study aim to inform policymakers, water resource managers, and community stakeholders about the most sustainable and contextually appropriate rainwater harvesting approach for the region. By considering the entire life cycle, the research contributes to the identification of potential trade-offs and synergies that can guide decision-making towards more sustainable water management practices.
This research not only advances the academic understanding of rainwater harvesting systems but also provides practical insights for sustainable water resource management in Anambra State and similar regions facing water scarcity challenges. The study contributes to the ongoing discourse on integrating environmental, economic, and social considerations in water infrastructure planning and underscores the importance of context-specific solutions for achieving long-term sustainability.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 Rationale for Rainwater Harvesting
1.3 Research Objectives
1.4 Research Questions
1.5 Significance of the Study
1.6 Scope and Limitations
1.7 Organization of the Thesis
Chapter 2: Literature Review
2.1 Overview of Rainwater Harvesting Systems
2.2 Types of Rainwater Harvesting Systems
2.3 Environmental Impacts of Rainwater Harvesting
2.4 Economic Considerations in Rainwater Harvesting
2.5 Social Aspects of Rainwater Harvesting
2.6 Life Cycle Analysis in Water Management
2.7 Gaps in Existing Literature
Chapter 3: Methodology
3.1 Research Design
3.2 Study Area and Site Selection
3.3 Data Collection Methods
3.3.1 Environmental Impact Assessment
3.3.2 Economic Cost Analysis
3.3.3 Social Impact Assessment
3.4 Life Cycle Analysis Framework
3.5 Data Analysis Techniques
3.6 Ethical Considerations
Chapter 4: Life Cycle Analysis Results
4.1 Environmental Impacts
4.1.1 Energy Consumption
4.1.2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
4.1.3 Water Footprint
4.2 Economic Costs
4.2.1 Installation and Maintenance Costs
4.2.2 Economic Benefits
4.3 Social Impacts
4.3.1 Community Engagement and Participation
4.3.2 User Satisfaction
4.4 Comparative Analysis: Decentralized vs. Centralized Systems
4.5 Interpretation of Results
Chapter 5: Discussion and Recommendations
5.1 Synthesis of Findings
5.2 Implications for Sustainable Water Management
5.3 Trade-offs and Synergies Identified
5.4 Recommendations for Policy and Practice
5.5 Areas for Future Research
References
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