EXTRACTION, CHARACTERIZATION OF AVOCADO PEAR OIL AND IT’S APPLICATION IN SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF SURFACE COATING DRIERS

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EXTRACTION, CHARACTERIZATION OF AVOCADO PEAR OIL AND IT’S APPLICATION IN SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF SURFACE COATING DRIERS

ABSTRACT

The study focused on the Extraction, characterization of avocado pear oil and it’s application in synthesis and evaluation of surface coating driers. The oil output of the mesocarp of the edible Avocado Pear “Pearsea Americana” was tested. This pear’s pulp was oven dried to a moisture content of 29 percent at 100oC-105oC. The moisture, ash, fat, crude fibre, crude protein, and carbohydrate content of the mesocarp were determined using proximate analysis, yielding values of 29%, 2%, 19.6%, 25.5 percent, 11.9 percent, and 12 percent, respectively. Chemical parameters of the extracted oil, such as acidity, saponification, peroxide value, and iodine value, were determined. Physical parameters, i.e. (Refractive index, Ph value, specific gravity), which the values obtained are 1.469brix, 5.7, and 0.92, and the percentage oil yield content is 51.57 percent. This oil’s physio-chemical properties, as well as its fatty acid makeup, indicate that it has industrial potential.

EXTRACTION, CHARACTERIZATION OF AVOCADO PEAR OIL AND IT’S APPLICATION IN SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF SURFACE COATING DRIERS

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Oils derived from fruits and seeds are now held in high regard due to their diverse functions and applications to humans. Seed fats and oils work as insulators for the body. They safeguard internal organs including the heart and lungs by acting as a protective layer or coating. In the absence of carbohydrates, they also provide energy to the body (Akpabio et al., 2011). Avocado mesocarp oil has piqued people’s interest. Avocado oil is said to be good for your health (Ding et al., 2007).

The avocado (Persea americana) is a polymorphic tree species native to Mexico’s eastern and central highlands, Guatemala, and the Pacific Ocean ( Bost et al. 2013). Avocado is a tropical fruit that has been grown in many places of the world. Avocados come in a range of shapes, sizes, and colours. Because avocado fruit contains substantially more lipids than other fruits, it can be taken directly as a high-energy food source. Aside from that, avocados are high in oil (Quinones-Islas et al., 2013).

Avocado (Persea americana) is a fruit with a high oil and chlorophyll content, resulting in an emerald green oil when extracted (Genevive et al., 2013). Although avocados are packed in nutrients, proteins, antioxidants, and dietary fibre, they are possibly the most misunderstood and misrepresented fruit of all time. Because of its high fat and calorie content, most nutritionists and dieticians recommend avoiding it or using it “in moderation” (Kuinimeri, 2007). Avocados also do not mature until they are picked, however their ripeness does rise while the fruit is on the tree (Manuela, 2011).

If this oil is developed properly, it could help meet the country’s demand for vegetable oils for surface coatings and other industrial uses. Pigments (primary and extender pigments), binders, solvents (organic solvents and water), and additives make up the makeup of coloured coating products. Additives are compounds used in small amounts to change a coating’s properties (Ekpa and Isaac, 2008). Driers, anti-skinning agents, wetting agents, anti-microbial agents, anti-foaming agents, and thickening agents are some of the additives that are utilised in surface coatings (Ekpa, 2008). Drier for coatings is defined by Hein (1998) as a metal carboxylate that catalyses, performs, or promotes resin polymer or drying oil cross-linking. These soaps are largely insoluble in water but are soluble in organic solvents. They are distinguished from regular sodium and potassium soaps by their insolubility in water. Their solubility in organic solvents also explains why they are used in so many different items.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Pearsea Americana oil has not before been used in the manufacture of surface coating driers. Given the partial and expected shift in the chemical industry’s source of feedstocks from non-renewable petroleum resources to renewable, environmentally friendly agricultural resources, it’s critical that more avenues for producing biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low toxicity surface coating products are explored. As a result, the goal of this study is to learn more about the fatty acid composition of Pearsea Americana oil, as well as to assess its potential for use in the production of surface coating driers (lead, cobalt and calcium driers). We also discuss the manufacturing and evaluation of surface coating driers made from palm kernel oil, as well as how the qualities of palm kernel oil compare to those of Avocado Pear oil. This will assist broaden the usage of these oils, improving revenues for local farmers and encouraging Pearsea Americana plant cultivation.

1.3 RESERACH QUESTIONS

This project will answer the following questions;

This study will address the following questions:

What is the best solvent for maximising Avocado pear yield value?

What are the components and properties of the oil that has been extracted?

Examine the oil’s suitability for coating driers?

1.4 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

This project focuses on the Extraction, characterization of avocado pear oil and it’s application in synthesis and evaluation of surface coating driers.

To meet the project’s goals, it’s critical to:

What is the most appropriate solvent for maximum yield of Avocado pear?

Determine the components and characteristics of the extracted oil.

Check the oil’s appropriateness for drier coatings.

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE/ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY

There are various implications to characterising the avocado pear oil’s potentials for a variety of uses. The financial benefit through agro industry is extremely important to West African communities.

It is hoped that the experiment will establish optimal extraction parameters that will improve the oil’s quality, and that the results will be added to a data bank that would aid potential industrialists interested in producing vegetable table oil from avocados. Identifying the quantities of oils fuels, whether favourable or not, will serve to influence future crop and industry development.

1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

In this study, we will investigate the extraction, characterization, and application of avocado pear oil in the synthesis and assessment of surface coatings. Avocado pear has undergone extensive research in order to provide a thorough composition.

Soxhlet and cold methods of extraction, i.e. solvent extraction, are utilised in this research.

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