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EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING AMONG NURSING MOTHERS
Abstract:
This study investigates the prevalence, determinants, and challenges of exclusive breastfeeding among nursing mothers, with a focus on promoting infant health and maternal well-being. Exclusive breastfeeding, defined as the practice of feeding infants only breast milk without any additional liquids or solids, is recognized as a critical component of early childhood nutrition. The research aims to assess the factors influencing the adoption of exclusive breastfeeding, explore the barriers faced by nursing mothers, and recommend strategies to enhance the practice.
Using a mixed-methods approach, the study involves surveys, interviews, and focus group discussions with nursing mothers in diverse socio-economic and cultural contexts. Quantitative data will be analyzed to determine the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding and identify socio-demographic factors associated with the practice. Qualitative insights will be sought to understand the experiences, perceptions, and challenges faced by nursing mothers in adhering to exclusive breastfeeding guidelines.
Key objectives include examining the knowledge and awareness of exclusive breastfeeding, identifying cultural and societal influences, assessing maternal support systems, and exploring the role of healthcare providers in promoting and sustaining exclusive breastfeeding practices.
The outcomes of this research are expected to contribute to evidence-based interventions and educational programs aimed at improving exclusive breastfeeding rates. By addressing the multifaceted factors influencing nursing mothers’ decisions and behaviors, this study aims to provide valuable insights that can inform policies, healthcare practices, and community-based initiatives to support and promote exclusive breastfeeding as a cornerstone of optimal infant nutrition and maternal-child health.
Chapter One:
Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
Exclusive breastfeeding, defined as providing infants with only breast milk without the introduction of any other liquids or solids, is widely acknowledged as a fundamental practice for ensuring optimal infant health and development. The World Health Organization (WHO) and other global health bodies recommend exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of a child’s life, as it offers a myriad of health benefits for both the infant and the nursing mother. Despite the recognized advantages, the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding varies across regions, influenced by socio-cultural, economic, and healthcare factors. This research focuses on understanding the patterns, determinants, and challenges surrounding exclusive breastfeeding among nursing mothers.
The indigenous person of Nigeria has some certain ideas which formed the basis of their system of values. This system of values is manifested or expressed in all aspect of the life including the breast feeding of infants. Breast-feeding has been the recognized natural process of providing the most adequate nutrition for the baby. With the advent of Western civilization certain aspect of our indigenous culture were bastardized. With the introduction of feeding bottles, which was to assist the working mothers, practices now embraced by all mothers was seen as modernization in feeding babies. In view of this background, we want to look carefully into the concept of Breast-feeding of the infant child. Among the working class in the College of Education, Ekiadolor-Benin.
Breast-feeding is the feeding of an infant or young child with breast milk directly from female breast that is through location rather than from a feeding bottle or other containers. Babies have a sucking reflex that enables them to suck and swallow milk. It is recommended that mother’s breast feed for six months or more without the addition of infant formula, solid food or water. Mothers are advised to continue breast-feeding for at least a year. Human breast milk is the healthiest form of milk for babies. Here are few exceptions, such as when the mother is taking certain drugs or infected with human lymph tropic virus, human immune deficiency virus (HIV), if not taking ARVS or has active untreated tuberculosis. Breast-feeding promotes health and helps to prevent diseases, artificial feeding is associated with more deaths from diarrhea in infants in both developing and developed countries.
Experts agree that breastfeeding is beneficial and have concerns about artificial formulas but there are conflicting views about how long exclusive breast feeding remains beneficial. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the American Academic of Pediatrics (AAP) emphasize the value of breast feedings for mothers as well as children. Both recommend exclusive breast feeding for the first six months of life. The American Academic of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that this be followed by supplemented breast feeding for at least one year. While WHO (2001) Global strategy for infant and young child feeding. The optimal deviation of exclusive breast feeding, recommends that supplemented breast feeding continues up to two years or more. While recognizing the superiority of breast feeding regulating authorities also work to minimize the risks of artificial feeding.
In Edo State, it was suggested that baby care centers be established close to the working mother’s places of work to enable them to breast feed their babies from time to time.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
While exclusive breastfeeding is recognized as an essential health practice, there are persistent challenges in achieving high adherence rates among nursing mothers. Factors such as insufficient knowledge, cultural beliefs, workplace demands, and healthcare practices contribute to suboptimal exclusive breastfeeding rates. This research seeks to address the gaps in knowledge regarding the prevalence, determinants, and challenges associated with exclusive breastfeeding among nursing mothers.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The primary objectives of this research are as follows:
1.3.1 To assess the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding among nursing mothers in the study population.
1.3.2 To identify the socio-demographic and cultural determinants influencing the adoption of exclusive breastfeeding.
1.3.3 To explore the challenges faced by nursing mothers in practicing exclusive breastfeeding.
1.3.4 To examine the knowledge, attitudes, and support systems related to exclusive breastfeeding among nursing mothers.
1.3.5 To provide recommendations for interventions and policies to promote and support exclusive breastfeeding practices.
1.4 Research Questions
The study will seek answers to the following research questions:
1.4.1 What is the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding among nursing mothers in the study population?
1.4.2 What socio-demographic and cultural factors influence the adoption of exclusive breastfeeding?
1.4.3 What challenges do nursing mothers face in practicing exclusive breastfeeding?
1.4.4 What is the level of knowledge, attitudes, and support systems related to exclusive breastfeeding among nursing mothers?
1.5 Significance of the Study
This research holds significance in several dimensions:
1.5.1 Health Impact: Understanding the prevalence and determinants of exclusive breastfeeding contributes to the promotion of optimal infant nutrition and health, reducing the risk of infections and enhancing cognitive development.
1.5.2 Maternal Well-being: Exclusive breastfeeding is associated with positive maternal health outcomes. This study aims to identify factors influencing nursing mothers’ decisions, providing insights for better support and care.
1.5.3 Policy and Intervention: The findings will inform evidence-based interventions and policies aimed at improving exclusive breastfeeding rates, contributing to the achievement of global health goals.
1.6 Scope of the Study
The study will focus on nursing mothers within a specified geographical area, considering socio-economic, cultural, and healthcare factors that may influence exclusive breastfeeding practices. The research will involve both urban and rural settings to capture diverse perspectives.
1.7 Structure of the Thesis
This thesis is organized into five chapters. Chapter One provides an introduction to the research, including background information, the statement of the problem, objectives, research questions, significance, and scope. Chapter Two reviews relevant literature on exclusive breastfeeding, examining factors influencing its practice globally. Chapter Three outlines the research methodology, detailing the sampling, data collection, and analysis techniques. Chapter Four presents the results and analyses of the data, while Chapter Five concludes the study, summarizing the findings and providing recommendations for promoting and supporting exclusive breastfeeding practices.
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