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EVALUATION OF SESAME (Sesamum indicum L) SEED MEAL AS A SOURCE OF SUPPLEMENTARY METHIONINE IN BROILER DIETS
ABSTRACT
Studies were conducted to determine the effect of different methods of processing sesame seed (Sesame indicum) on chemical composition and on the nutritional value of sesame seed meal as a source of dietary methionine in broiler diets. The processing methods tested were roasting (ROSSM), Boiling (BOSSM) and soaking (SOSSM). The processed and mealed samples were compared to the raw (RASSM) samples and a control diet. Chemical analyses were conducted for proximate composition, anti- nutritional factors and amino acids, while growth performance studies were conducted with two sets of broiler starters (0-4weeks) and two sets of broiler finishers (5-8 weeks old). The chemical analyses results showed that processing had no significant effect on crude protein, crude fibre and Ether Extract. Marginal effects on Ash content were observed with RASSM containing 5.66% (highest) and SOSSM containing 4.88%. However, NFE was drastically reduced from 8.41% (RASSM) to 4.80% for SOSSM, 2.82% for BOSSM and 2.15% for ROSSM. For anti-nutritional factors, processing tended to increase the content of oxalate from 80mg/100g to 140mg/100g in SOSSM. Drastic reductions were observed for Trypsin inhibitor from 0.62mg/100g in RASSM to 0.16 in SOSSM, 0.14 in ROSSM and 0.10 in the BOSSM but marginal decreases were observed for phytic acid from 102.49mg/100g to 96.12. These results showed that processing significantly reduced the quantity of Trypsin inhibitor which is the most well known anti-nutritional factor in plant protein sources. Processing of sesame seed appears to have only marginal effect on its amino acid content. The effect on Methionine was from 1.35g/100protein of ROSSM to 2.11g/100protein of BOSSM, 1.46 in BOSSM and 1.88 in RASSM which increased the effect on sesame seed. Broiler chicks fed ROSSM outperformed other processing methods in the economic parameters of weight gain and efficiency of feed conversion, resulting in comparable performance to the control diet. This was observed to be the case during the starter and finisher phases. However feed cost/kg tended to be higher during the finishing phase. All processing methods significantly improved the digestibility of proximate nutrients. Feeding roasted sesame meal up to 15% had no adverse effect on growth performance. It was concluded that processing of sesame seed by either roasting, boiling or soaking significantly reduced the level of anti-nutritional factors, Roasted sesame seed meal resulted in growth performance comparable to that of the control and therefore can be used to replace 100% of protein sources requiring Methionine supplementation. Finally, roasted sesame seed meal can be used at levels of up to 15% without adverse effect or broiler growth performance.
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