ERROR ANALYSIS OF SELECTED ENGLISH ESSAYS OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS. CASE STUDY NIGERIA

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ERROR ANALYSIS OF SELECTED ENGLISH ESSAYS OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS. CASE STUDY NIGERIA

ABSTRACT

This research endeavors to conduct a comprehensive error analysis of English essays produced by secondary school students in Nigeria. The study aims to identify and analyze linguistic errors in written compositions to gain insights into the prevalent challenges faced by students in their English language proficiency. Drawing on a carefully selected sample of essays, the research employs both qualitative and quantitative methodologies to categorize and analyze errors in grammar, vocabulary, punctuation, and coherence. Through a detailed examination, the study seeks to delineate patterns of errors that are common among secondary school students, providing valuable information for educators, curriculum developers, and policymakers. Additionally, the research considers the potential influence of socio-cultural factors on language proficiency, contributing to a nuanced understanding of the contextual aspects impacting language learning. The outcomes of this study hold implications for the enhancement of English language education in Nigeria, with broader implications for similar educational contexts worldwide.

1.0 CHAPTER ONE: GENERAL INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

This research work deals with tense errors in English essays of Secondary School. The research is to find out the type of tense errors committed by the students who have sat for their J.S.S.C.E examination.

English language is the first foreign language a learner is introduce to in Nigeria as an official language, learning English has become a great necessity to everyone who realised the importance of the language. Over 80% of readers focus closely on the errors of the writer, knowing fully well what the reader want, writers have put on the spirit of research in finding the root cause of how and when a word can be use and appreciate in the outside world. William (2007) stated that language is paramount, we use it to define who we are and to shape our place in life, we use language to learn, to socialize, to dream of what to achieve, to think e.t.c. Throughout history, Language serve as a bound to bring people together into single societies and to preserve their customs, culture, law and stories.

English is an official language in Nigeria and its has many functions. These functions are implied in its role as a second language in the country. Nigeria, as one of the English speaking countries uses English language as an official language which is used in all spheres of life. English language has become the nation’s medium of administration, communication, instruction in various institutions and businesses. Considering the importance of English language therefore, it stands as a binding language which unifies all the tribes and ethnic groups we have in the country. In recognition of importance of the English language in enhancing educational attainment and for improving communication and writing ability of citizens, the Nigerian government has made the subject a core school subject (FRN, 2013) it is compulsory for students to have a credit pass in English language before gaining admission into the university. This also explains why many parents make it a priority by making sure that their children pass at credit level or above in English language.

If English Language plays such an important role in our national lives as well as in our education system, therefore it means that it should be well learnt. English language is used in government as the official language for all types of official records and instructions in business and commerce and publicity in education, science and engineering as the language of instruction in the classroom and laboratory reports, in the mass media as the language of information and propaganda and in creative art and literature as the language of novels, poems, short stories, music and drama. In expressing ideas everybody possess their own abilities. There are student who clearly, brightly and confidently expressing their way of thinking in spoken language meanwhile, there are student who can be said to be weak in spoken but well enough in his or her written form.

Robert Lado stated that language is partial representation unit of language. “learning to write a foreign language is learning to put down the graphic symbol that represent a language one understand so that the others can read the language and the graphic representation” the quotation implies that before writing the writer should have a border knowledge, understanding the linguistics rules, wider vocabulary, emotion and even the present situation, so writing is not only making of a sentences which have no inter-connection between each other or without paying attention to the meaningful aspect but rather writing is making our written pieces worth and understood by the readers. The purpose of the writing itself is the expression of ideas to the readers so the ideas should be seen as the most important aspect of the writing on the other hand, the writer needs also to pay some attention to a formal aspect such as neat handwriting, correct spelling, punctuation, as well as acceptable grammar and careful selected of vocabulary.

As stated by Zhang Fxin (2001) that writing is a complex skill, it embraces structure, vocabulary rhetoric concepts and other clement. This skill relates with listening speaking and reading because of writing complexity writers are bound to commit errors which motivate this research work to focus on the level of competency of junior secondary schools. If English language plays such an important role in our national live as well as in our education system, it means therefore that it should be learnt. It is in recognition of student’s poor performance in written necessary and other language skills in general that a research on error analysis in written essay among junior secondary school student is carried out.

1.2 Statement of Problem

It has been discovered that second language learners of English face some difficulties while learning the language. This is because most second language learners find it difficult to speak or write good English.

With the above in mind, this research work focuses on Tense Errors in English Essays of Secondary Schools Students This is to find out the tense errors the students make, the causes and possible suggestion of how to reduce the problems.

The work addresses the following questions:

1. What are the errors students made?

2. What are the types of errors?

3. What are the causes of the errors?

4. What are the possible solutions to these errors?

1.3 Aim and Objectives

The aim of this research is to study Tense Errors in English Essays of Secondary Schools Students

The specific objectives are;

1. To identify the errors in the essays of the students.

2. To classify the errors identified into types

3. To find out and explain the possible causes of the errors.

4. To provide solutions to the causes of the errors.

1.4 Significance of the Study

The falling standard of education generally could be attributed to poor comprehension of the English language lessons by students.

This is due to the fact that, English language serves as a bed rock for understanding other disciplines of learning S.S.C.E holders cannot fully communicate in the national language (English) and it is on this basis that this work focuses on the tenses in the students written essays.

1.5 Scope and Delimitation

This study is limited to the analysis of thirty scripts of S.S II Students of Maimuna Gwarzo in Kaduna South local government. The research is limited to found out tense errors made by students in the schools so as to provide the lasting solutions to aid teachers and students on how to guard against such problems.

1.6 Justification of the Study

This study is important as, it attempts to highlight the major tense errors committed by the students in their speaking and writing, and to provide the lasting solution on how to correct the errors.

1.7 Methodology

This section deals with how data is collected for the research work. The study covers the use of tense errors in English essays of secondary school students of some selected secondary schools in Kaduna South Local Government. The data for this work is the essay papers of thirty students of the schools.

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