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EFFECTS OF INJECTOR NOZZLE HOLES ON DIESEL ENGINE FOUR STROKE PERFORMANCE
Abstract.
In this work the experiment was carried out to investigate the performance, combustion and emissions by changing the number of nozzle holes of the injector such as 3 hole, 4 hole and 5 hole by maintaining the hole diameter as 0.25mm. The experiments are executed on Kirloskar 4-stroke computerized single cylinder air cooled and electrical dynamometer coupled DI diesel engine with diesel, Rubber seed methyl ester and B20 Blend as fuels at 1500 rpm, with the injection timing of 23.4°BTDC with an injection pressure of 240 bar maintained constant throughout the experiment. It is found that 4 hole nozzle gives higher brake thermal efficiency, lower specific fuel consumption, CO, HC, for Diesel, Biodiesel and B20 Blend compared with other two nozzle holes. However the NOX got increased which is more for all the tested fuels by varying a number of nozzle hole diameter.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of the study
In a CI engine the diesel is inoculated into an extremely pressurised gas. The pressure and temperature of the gas makes the diesel to self-ignite. Certain time period is essential for self-ignition as the reactions of combustion does not takes place instantly. Hence, the preliminary stage of combustion process is premixing meanwhile certain amount of diesel has time period to combine with air during the ignition delay period. Next to the premixed stage the combustion will takes place with diesel being burnt during controlled combustion stage. As stated earlier the intention of a combustion system in an engine is to burn the fuel and thus turn it into heat. A fuel injector is a device which is used to impinge the fuel into the engine for preparing the correct fuel-air mixture which in turn offers effective combustion to the engine. The capillary and nozzle of diesel fuel injectors are made in such a manner that they can form the diesel packets while spraying the fuel inside the combustion chamber.
The study was made on a DI diesel engine to evaluate its outcome on performance and emission at 200 bar, 220 bar and 240 bar injection pressure. The dissimilar nozzle hole size injectors such as 3 holes 0.28 mm dia and 5 holes 0.20 mm dia were taken. The result shows that the 5 hole nozzle of Ø = 0.2 mm at the fuel injection pressure of 220 bar gives improved performance and emission characteristics [1]. The study was done to evaluate the effect of different nozzle hole sizes on performance, combustion and emissions by using various diameters for a 3hole nozzle. The diameters chosen are 0.28 mm as base and 0.20 mm as modified. It was observed that 0.20 mm modified nozzle progresses the vaporisation, atomisation and air-fuel mixing in a lesser time period [2]. This investigation was done to explore the performance of Jatropha not fit for human consumption vegetable oils and its blend. The trials were executed on 5,7,9 and 11 hole nozzle injector for an injection pressure of 210 bar. It is seen that the 9 hole nozzle provides decent performance and lesser
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emission rates [3]. This investigation deals with the outcome of diverse constraints which includes hole number, diameter and length of holes, nozzle sac diameter and the needle seat angle of injectors were studied based on injection rate and sac pressure. Outcomes demonstrate that decrease in sac pressure by 46%, therefore doubling the hole number had massive variation in injection rate. Even though, the sac pressure will increase up to 60%, when the hole diameter is decreased by 40% in spite of the quasi-constant injection rate
This study deals with the evaluation of diesel engine’s performance using neem oil methyl ester (NOME). The engine runs at a constant speed of 1500 rpm and CR of 17.5. The various injectors used are 3, 4, 5 holes of 0.3 mm diameter and the injection timing are 19o, 23o, 27o and 31o BTDC. The pressure of 205, 220, 230, 240 and 260 bars were selected for evaluation. It is found that the injection timing of 27o, injection pressure of 240 bar and 5 hole injector gives greater performance with NOME [5]. Studied the performance of single cylinder 4 stroke variable compression ratio engine with cottonseed oil methyl ester (COME) as fuel. The various injection timing used are 19o, 23o and 27o BTDC and the injection pressure of 210, 220, 230 and 240 bars and 3, 4 and 5 hole injectors of 0.3 mm diameter of each were selected. The results shows that 4 hole injector and IT of 19o and pressure of 230 bar gives better engine performance and emission
The experiment was done to evaluate the performance of CRDI engine using acid oil methyl ester (AOME) biodiesel blended with diesel and ethanol. First the injection timing is varied between 25o BTDC to 5o ATDC and next the injection pressure is varied between 600 to 1000 bar. The compression ratio and the engine speed were kept constant at 17.5 and 1500 rpm respectively for both cases. It is evaluated that injection timing of 10o and the injection pressure of 900 bar gives higher performance and lesser emissions.
The diesel engine’s performance depends mainly on their injection scheme strategy. Hence the advances were done in the injection system design to achieve better engine performance. The injectors will inject the fuel at very high pressure and thus the material selected must able to withstand the high stresses. Superior accuracy and tolerance were given in the injection system design.
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