EFFECT OF STORAGE CONTAINER AND TIME ON PORTABLE WATER

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EFFECT OF STORAGE CONTAINER AND TIME ON PORTABLE WATER

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 GENERAL BACKGROUND

Water, air, food and shelter are the essential items for any living being. It is possible to survive without food and shelter for some days, but without water, it is not possible to survive much of the time. Without air, one cannot live for a few minutes. Next to air is water which is of paramount importance to all organisms (Booker, 2000).

Water is a chemical substance that is composed of two atoms of hydrogen and an atom of oxygen (Hayward, 2004). In typical usage, water refers to only its liquid form or state, but the substance also has a solid state known as ice, and a gaseous state called steam or water vapor. According to Parsons and Jefferson (2006), water to be consumed by man/animals should fall within the range of certain limits set by World Health Organization (W.H.O.) often known as drinking water standards. Such water that is fit for human consumption is called potable water.

Water is readily available all over the world but only a very few proportion of it is potable or fit for human consumption (Nala and Jagals, 2003). Hence, there is the need of storing potable water in containers in order to ensure continuity in supply during interruption or disaster. Such containers used in storing water are called water storage reservoirs or tanks. Storage reservoirs are available in various forms based on the material of construction such as clay, galvanized steel, polyethylene, fiberglass, and concrete. They are also available in various shapes/size of container such as buckets, bottles, pots, GP tanks, over-head tanks, etc.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Water tanks are liquid storage containers that store water for human consumption. They are usually made of polyethylene (plastic), steel, clay, ceramics and fiber glass. The need to investigate thechanges in water quality during storage in different types of water storage tanks or vessels is very crucial in establishing which tank contributes to deterioration or improvement of stored water during storage.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY