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COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF CASSAVA FOLIAGE AND GROUNDNUT HAULMS AS PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTS FOR SHEEP
ABSTRACT
Three trials were conducted to evaluate the potential of cassava (Manihot esculenta) foliage (leaves and petioles) as a protein supplement for ruminants. In the first trial duplicated nylon-bags containing weighed samples of sundried cassava foliage were incubated in the rumen of two rumen fistulated ewes for 0, 8, 16, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours to determine degradabi1ity. Proximate analysis of cassava foliage was conducted before and after the incubation. Rumen ammonia concentration (RAG) and pH were determined at 0, 4 and 8 hours after feeding a 307. cassava foliage diet. Proximate composition of sundried cassava foliage was found to be (%) Dry Matter, 91.25; Crude Protein, 18.55; Neutral Detergent Fiber, 31.41; Acid Detergent Fiber, 29.2; Ether Extract 6.6 and ash 12.95. Nylon-bag dry matter disappearance (DMD 7.) in the rumen from 0 – 96 hrs increased from 15.76 to 75.5. The DMD % in the rumen significantly (P < 0.05) increased from 0 to 48 hours but. further increases became non-significant between 48 – 96 hours.. RAC increased significantly <P<0.05) from 8.20 mg NH»/100 ml at zero hour to 17.52 mg NH3 /100 ml at 4 hours post feeding and decreased to 11.41 mg NH3/lOO ml at 8 hours. Rumen fluid pH was not significantly (P > 0.05) changed by the 30% cassava foliage diet. In the second trial lasting 56 days, twenty eight Yankasa/West African dwarf yearling rams with an initial weight of 18 kg were randomly allocated to seven treatments and were balanced for weight- Each treatment consisted of four rams and were all stall-fed Gamba hay (Adropoqon gayanus) as a basal diet supplemented with cassava foliage or groundnut haulms or a combination of both at 1.0% or 1.5% of body weight (BW). Rams in the control group were fed only Gamba hay and no supplement. Feeding Gamba hay alone (control) resulted in weight loss (-30.5g/d) but with cassava foliage or groundnut haulms supplementation at 1.0%- BW, significantly better (P < 0.05) weight gains of 39.2 and 44.6 g/day were achieved. At 1.5% BW level of supplementation, with cassava foliage or groundnut haulms, higher weight gains of 45.2 and 51.7 g/day were achieved respectively. Feeding the combined supplements of cassava foliage and groundnut haulms at 1-0% and 1.5% BW levels of supplementation resulted in daily live-weight gains of 65.1 and 69.3 g/day- The third trial consisted of a four week grazing trial followed by a metabolic study. Twenty-one Yankasa/West Africa Dwarf yearling rams were randomly allocated to seven treatments and were balanced for 1ive-weight. All rams were allowed to graze standing digitaria hay as a basal diet. With exception of rams in the control group, all the rams diet were supplemented with cassava foliage or groundnut haulms or a combination of both at 0.5% and 1.0% BW. The metabolic study consisted of a 7 day adjustment period and a 7 day total collection period. Rams in the control group, the group fed groundnut haulms at 0.5 BW and the groups fed cassava foliage at 0.5% and 1.0% BW had similar live-weight gains, and these were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the weight gains of other groups. But rams in the group fed a combination of cassava foliage and groundnut haulms at 1.0% had significantly (P<0.03) higher live-weight gains compared to other groups. Feed intake was not significantly (P>0.03) changed by feeding either supplement. Supplementing digitaria hay with cassava foliage at both 0.5% and 1.0% BW did not significantly increase the nitrogen retention values, but groundnut haulms supplemented at 1.0% BW and the combined supplements at 0.5% and 1.0% BW significantly (P<0.0S) increased the nitrogen retention values.
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