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INCIDENCE OF FLOUR BLINDENSS AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
ABSTRACT
Colour vision deficiency and colour blindness are synonymous terms describing poor colour discrimination by the visual senses. Congenital colour vision defects are common, x-linked inherited, non-progressive and untreatable disorders. Elsewhere, screening for these disorders are an established practice so that those affected can be advised about occupational preclusions. However, population-based study on the broader impact of colour vision defects is limited. A descriptive crosssectional survey was conducted using Plates 1-17 of the 2008 edition of the Ishihara’s colour album. The study was undertaken in Ugep, a rural community in Cross River State, Nigeria. A convenient sample of 1500 male and female subjects ranging from 10-60 years of age was used and the selection was based on cluster sampling. The study reveals that the prevalence of congenital colour vision deficiency in Nigerians living in Ugep is 1.87%(28 of 1500 subjects) and that of total colour blindness is barely 0.20%. The gender distribution of colour blindness in the sample 2.8% for males and 0.7% for females indicates a significantly greater frequency of defect among males than females (p<0.001,df=1). The distribution of colour blindness based on age brackets 10-20,2130,31-40,41-50,51-60 years was 16,2,1,9,0 and this reveals no sequence between age and the defect (p<0.001,df=1). The findings which serve as base line data for the area under investigation are inconsistent with Nigerian samples reported for other regions in the country but the regional variations are not accounted for. Populationbased screening for colour vision deficiency helpful for prevocational counselling is recommended.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Page
Certification i Dedication ii
Acknowledgement iii
Abstract iv
Table of Content v
List of tables vii
List of figures viii
Glossary ix
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1. Background of the Study – – – – – 1
1.2. Statement of Problem – – – – – 2
1.3. Significance of Study – – – – – 3
1.4. Purpose of Study – – – – – 4
1.5. Objectives of Study – – – – – – 4
1.6. Research Hypotheses – – – – – – 4
1.7. Research Questions – – – – – – 4
1.8. Glossary – – – – – – – – 4
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Review of Related Literature
2.1. Basic Theories of Colour Vision – – – – 5
2.2. Classification of Congenital Colour Vision – – 6
2.3. Prevalence of Congenital Colour Vision Deficiency – 8
2.4. Importance of Investigating Colour Vision Deficiency 10
2.5. Clinical Tests of Colour Vision – – – – 12 CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Methods and Methodology
3.1. The Research Design – – – – – – 15
3.2. The Study Area – – – – – – 15
3.3. The Sample – – – – – – – 15
3.4. Sampling Procedure – – – – – – 16
3.5. Instrument for Data Collection – – – – 16
3.6. Procedure for Data Collection – – – – 16
3.7. Method of Data Analysis – – – – – 17
3.8. Validity of Ishihara Test Plates – – – – 17
3.9. Ethical Consideration – – – – – – 18
CHAPTER FOUR 4.0 Presentation of Results
4.1 Frequency of Colour Vision Deficiency — – 19
4.2 Frequency of Different Types of Colour Vision Defect – 20
4.3 Frequency of Colour Vision Deficiency Based on Gender – 22
4.4 Frequency of Colour Vision Deficiency Based on Age -24
CHAPTER FIVE 5.0 Discussion of Findings
5.1 Discussion – – – – – – – 26
5.2 Summary and Conclusion – – – – – – 30
5.3 Recommendation – – – – – – – 30 5.4 Suggestion – – – – – – – – 31
References – – – – – – – – 32
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