SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF STREET TRADING IN BENIN CITY

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SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF STREET TRADING IN BENIN CITY

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Street hawking is seen as a form of child labor which according to Uwhejevwe (2009) is caused by greed- the quest to get riches propels young boys and girls into doing a lot of things they are not supposed to do all in the pursuit of livelihood instead of employing their youthful strength on farming to produce enough food for the family.

Street hawking is also exposed to a lot of risk and dangers, like in most city centers, traders could easily be knocked down by moving vehicles. Beside, street hawking has denied many children of school despite their ripe age of going to school (Tide Online, 2010). Teenage pregnancy is very common among street hawkers in terms of girl-child; teenage girls who hawk are gradually introduced to some anti-social vices, Umar asserted that girls as young as 13 years are trafficked as sex workers.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Street hawking among young school youths have psychologically imposed other problems, like sex networking behavior, juvenile delinquent behavior, which takes most of the youth school time that necessitated the poor academic performance and drop-out syndrome noticed among young school youths. UNICEF Nigeria stated that these children who work suffer from fatigue, irregular attendance at school, lack of comprehension and motivation, improper socialization, exposure to risk of sexual abuse and high likelihood of being involved in crime. Nwosu (2006) conforms this by stating that during hawking, children reached the most interior part of every street in urban setting thereby exposing them to dangers. She further went on to say that the consequences street hawking has on the family and society are that this children that hawk may have dubious character especially the boys as they come in contact with other children or adult with questionable characters in areas like motor parks, stadiums and in uncompleted buildings in the town. Ebigbo, and Agba, (1990) also stressed that sexually transmitted diseases is on the increase as these teenage hawkers want to be on the reigning fashion will embark into prostitution in other to make money. As they engage in this pre-marital sex, they count all on their gains without counting on the after effect. As these children who are still growing continue to carry goods on their head though the day and some of these loads may be too heavy for their ability, this can affect their growth which could result to stuntedness (Nwosu, 2006).

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

To examine reasons youths’ hawk and the risks these youths are exposed to.

To understand the risks of youths involved in street hawking?

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

What are reasons youths’ hawk and the risks these youths are exposed to.
What are the risks of youths involved in street hawking?

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This research was carried out among youths from selected area in benin city

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This research provides a depth of information and references for future researchers. It also will help policy makers.

RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

H0: There is no sociological effect of street trading on youths in benin city

H1: There is a sociological effect of street trading on youths in benin city

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

Scope of Street Trading Activities: The study may encounter challenges in capturing the full scope of street trading activities due to the dynamic and informal nature of such economic practices. Some street trading activities may go unrecorded or unnoticed, leading to potential gaps in the data.

Data Accuracy and Reliability: Obtaining accurate and reliable data on the socio-economic impact of street trading may be challenging. Participants might provide biased information, and there could be limitations in the availability of official records or statistics, affecting the overall validity of the findings.

Temporal Constraints: The study’s timeframe may present limitations in capturing the long-term socio-economic impact of street trading. Certain consequences or benefits may unfold over an extended period, and the study’s duration might not be sufficient to observe these trends comprehensively.

External Factors: External factors, such as changes in government policies, economic conditions, or unforeseen events, could influence street trading dynamics during the study. These external factors may introduce confounding variables, making it challenging to attribute observed impacts solely to street trading.

Sampling Bias: The study may face limitations related to sampling bias, especially if certain groups of street traders or specific areas within Benin City are underrepresented in the sample. This could affect the generalizability of the findings to the entire street trading population.

Social Desirability Bias: Participants may provide responses that are socially desirable rather than reflecting their true experiences or opinions. This bias could impact the accuracy of the data, particularly if street traders fear repercussions or aim to present their activities in a more positive light.

Limited Generalizability: Findings from the study may be specific to the context of Benin City and may not be easily generalizable to other cities or regions with different socio-economic dynamics, regulatory frameworks, and cultural influences.

Subjectivity in Perceptions: Assessing the socio-economic impact involves subjective judgments and interpretations. Different stakeholders may perceive the impact of street trading differently, introducing a level of subjectivity that could influence the study’s conclusions.

Incomplete Stakeholder Perspectives: The study may face limitations in gathering perspectives from all relevant stakeholders, including local authorities, residents, and non-governmental organizations. Incomplete stakeholder input may result in an incomplete understanding of the socio-economic impact.

Ethical Considerations: Conducting research on street trading involves engaging with vulnerable populations. Ensuring the ethical treatment of participants and addressing any ethical concerns may pose challenges, especially in terms of informed consent and the potential for exploitation of participants’ socio-economic circumstances.

ASSUMPTIONS OF THE STUDY

Assumption of Data Accuracy: The study assumes that the data collected, whether through surveys, interviews, or official records, accurately reflects the real socio-economic impact of street trading in Benin City. This includes assuming that participants provide truthful and reliable information.

Assumption of Participant Cooperation: The study assumes that participants, including street traders, local authorities, and community members, will willingly cooperate and provide the necessary information and insights for the research, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of the socio-economic impact.

Assumption of Representativeness: The research assumes that the selected sample of street traders, residents, and other stakeholders is representative of the broader population engaged in or affected by street trading activities in Benin City. This assumption is crucial for generalizing findings to the larger community.

CONCEPTUAL AND OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS

Socio-Economic Impact: The term refers to the comprehensive and multifaceted effects of an activity, in this case, street trading, on the social and economic aspects of a community or city.

Street Trading: Street trading is the informal economic activity where goods and services are sold or exchanged in public spaces such as streets, sidewalks, and open markets, often without a fixed structure.

Benin City: Benin City is the capital and largest city of Edo State in southern Nigeria, serving as a major economic and cultural hub with a rich history and diverse population.

Informal Economy: The informal economy includes economic activities that are not regulated or monitored by the government. Street trading often falls within this category, involving transactions that are not officially recorded.

Social Impact: Social impact refers to the influence of street trading on the well-being, lifestyle, and relationships within the community, including effects on culture, public spaces, and community dynamics.

Economic Impact: Economic impact refers to the influence of street trading on the financial aspects of a community, encompassing factors such as income generation, employment opportunities, and contributions to the local economy.

Urban Dynamics: Urban dynamics involve the study of how cities change and evolve over time. In the context of this study, it explores how street trading influences the dynamics of Benin City in terms of its structure, function, and development.

Regulation of Street Trading: Regulation of street trading refers to the set of rules, policies, and measures implemented by local authorities or governments to manage and control street trading activities within a city.

Livelihood Strategies: Livelihood strategies encompass the diverse ways in which individuals and households secure their income and sustain their lives, which may include engagement in street trading as a means of livelihood.

Community Development: Community development refers to the process of improving the quality of life and well-being of individuals within a community. The socio-economic impact of street trading can influence various aspects of community development, such as infrastructure, education, and healthcare.

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