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BACTERIAL BLIGHT OF CASSAVA (Manihot esculenta Crantz) IN THE DRIER SAVANNAS Of NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
Cassava bacterial blight is the most important of several bacterial diseases of cassava and is of wide occurrence in Nigeria. Surveys were undertaken at Zaria and other sites in the Northern Guinea and Southern Guinea Savanna zones to evaluate the incidence and severity of the disease. The incidence and severity of the disease were higher in the Southern Guinea Savanna zone than in the Northern Guinea Savanna zone. Some variations were observed within every environ visited and these were attributed to the nature of crop mixture, cassava cultivar type, spacing and plant age. The incidence and severity of the disease were significantly reduced following late planting with a local cassava variety while the decrease was non-significant with the improved variety TMS 4(2)1425. in the intercrops, a significant reduction of the incidence and severity of the disease were achieved with the improved variety. On the other hand, incidence and severity of the disease were significantly higher in the sole improved cassava. There were no significant differences between the time of introduction of the components of the mixture on the incidence and severity of the disease in both varieties. Screening for resistance to the disease in field and in pot trials using six cassava varieties revealed that disease incidence and severity were lowest in TMS 30572 and TMS 1(2)1425 while a local variety, TMS 91934 and 60506 were highly susceptible. The improved cassava varieties TME II, TMS 305″ TMS 4(2)1425, TMS 81983 and the local varieties, Isu and Broni were identified as being fairly resistant to bacterial blight compared to other varieties tested in two different trials. Leaf trash collected in the field from beneath diseased plants at approximately 9 months yielded the pathogen. In both local and improved cassava varieties, bacterial populations in the trash were found to be minimum in April and maximum in October.
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