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INHERITANCE OF GRAIN AND FODDER YIELDS AND YIELD COMPONENTS IN COWPEA (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp).
ABSTRACT
Studies were carried out on Two landraces Kanannado Brown and Biu Local (Fodder types) and IT98K-205-8 (grain type) to estimate the gene effects for grain and fodder yields and yield components in cowpea, using generation mean analysis. Six generations were developed (P1, P2, F1, BC1 P1,BC2 P2 and F2) and evaluated at Kadawa. Data collected were analyzed for: gene segregation, gene action governing the three key parameters (leaf-stem ratio, total biomass and dual trait) as well as heritability. Significant mean for leaf-stem ratio in the crosses Kanannado brown × IT93K-205-8 and in the Biu local × IT93K-205-8, and for dual trait in the cross Biu local × IT93K-205-8. All the backcrosses had significant better mean performance for all the parameters. This indicated that backcross breeding procedure may be important in the improvement of yield in cowpea. Different means obtained showed by the individuals in the population was an indication of the presence of considerable amount of genetic variability. Transgressive segregation for high and low leafstem ratio observed in the cross Kanannado brown × IT93K-205-8 suggests that genes were dispersed among the parents in this study. Polygenic inheritance for the three traits studied was confirmed by unimodality in the F2 s coupled with the number of effective factors. Complementary gene effects as evidenced by skewness, epistatic effects were also found. Duplicate gene was predominantly involved in the inheritance. Correlation had been found to be high and significant (negative and positive) between dual trait and dry fodder yield; dry fodder yield and dry seed weight; dual trait and days to first flower, and also between days to first flower with dry seed yield. Also high heritability was obtained. These showed the importance of the above traits in selection to improve yield in cowpea.
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