CONSUMPTION PATTERN OF ANTIOXIDANT RICH FOODS BY MIDDLE AGED ADULTS IN ENUGU NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA.

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CONSUMPTION PATTERN OF ANTIOXIDANT RICH FOODS BY MIDDLE AGED ADULTS IN ENUGU NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA.

ABSTRACT

This epidemiological study was to elicit information on the consumption pattern of antioxidant

rich foods among middle-aged adults in Enugu North local government area, Enugu State,

Nigeria. Four hundred adult men and women aged 40-60 years were used for the study.

Multiple- staged stratified random sampling technique was used for selection of the subjects

used for the study. The respondents were randomly selected from 10 streets in the 5 urban zones

making up the Enugu North local government area. Structured questionnaire with personal

interview was the instrument used for data collection. Information were collected on the

demographic characteristics, chronic diseases that affected the respondents, general knowledge

of food nutrients, concepts of antioxidant, free radicals, sources and their health implications and

on consumption pattern of antioxidant rich foods. Also, data on the length of consumption

pattern of antioxidant rich foods and those factors that could hinder adequate consumption of

antioxidant rich foods were elicited. The statistical package for socials sciences SPSS version 12

was used for the data analysis. Percentages, frequency, mean and standard deviation were

employed for the data analysis. Analysis of data revealed that 74% of the respondents were

females and 26% were males, 78.8% were married, 85% had higher education and 80% were

civil servants.

Revealed also was that 75% of the respondents were affected by varied chronic

diseases. Altogether, 790 chronic illnesses were discovered as some respondents had more than

one disease at a time. Females (76.7%) were with chronic illnesses while males had 23.3%.

Subjects 40-50 years with chronic illnesses were 69.2%, while those 51-60 were 30.8%. The

chronic diseases and their distribution were grouped into ten and they included 17.0% diabetes,

28.6% arthritis, 32.7% eye related problems, 30.0% heart, 19.8% brain and 19.9% cancer related

problems. Uncovered also were, 9.1% fibroid, 17.5% prostatitis, 21.3% peptic ulcer/gastritis and

2.9% adult asthma/hiccoughs. Most of the respondents (85%) knew little or nothing about the

nutrient contents of the various foods they consumed. The result also showed that the

respondent’s concepts of antioxidants, free radicals, sources and health implications were below

the mean value. The subjects were found to have consumed inadequate amounts of antioxidant

rich foods.

Majority groups (79.1%, 56.9%, 76.1%, 59.9%, 81.4% and 72.5%) of the

respondents had negative consumption practice to intakes of the antioxidant rich fruits,

vegetables, grain/legumes, food additives, beverages, and snacks, respectively, for over 20 years.

On the other hand, minority groups (21.9%, 43.1%, 23.9%, 40.1%, 18.6%, and 27.5%) had

positive practice to consumption of the antioxidant rich food groups, respectively, with

exception of the antioxidant rich animal products that had a high percentage of 80.5%

consumption practice. Ten factors including ignorance, scarcity, cultural background,

upbringing, foreign, fear of system intolerance, poor knowledge of preparation, poor colour

acceptance, religious beliefs and time for preparation of such foods appeared to contribute to

inadequate consumption of the essential nutrients. It is therefore concluded that many factors

including poverty, lack of knowledge or ignorance of the immense nutritional importance of

antioxidant foods were responsible for their inadequate consumption. Probably as a result of

these, a high percentage of the respondents were affected by different chronic diseases

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