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THE IMPACT OF COUNTRY RISK ON CROSS-BORDER FINANCING AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
ABSTRACT
Most borrower countries have had to reschedule their debts to stretch the repayment farther or incorporate more of their total debt in the restructuring agreement through a Multi-Year-Restructuring-Agreement in order to obtain a better debt structure. Grace and repayment periods were prolonged while spreads were gradually reduced. Inspite of the good growth in the economic environment of the OECD countries between 1985-1987 with most commodity prices and interest rates declining thereby offering a generally better debt profile and positive economic environment, no country which had had to reschedule its debt reached credit worthiness and hence could not obtain funds in the international financial markets. In essence, the different adjustment programmes adopted by the major debtor nations helped to avert insolvencies but failed to lead the different nations back to credit worthiness. Indeed, as at 1987, the Third World states owed over $ 1 trillion in external debt. A wind of change has therefore been witnessed since the late 80’s due to a feeling of frustration among the major borrowing countries because they cannot see any opportunity of breaking out of the vicious cycle in which they have found themselves. The wind of change include making unilateral decisions such as neglecting their loan repayment dates without prior notice, limiting the amount of money available to service the debt or declaring a moratorium on debt payments; requesting for debt relief e-fc. Different new initiatives have so far been launched such as the Phillipine Investment Note (PIN) in 1987, Exit Bonds by Argentina in 1987 and Debt Conversion Programmes. While the first two are yet to be accepted, the Debt Conversion Programme has had a positive impact in the area of alleviating the debt problems. Inspite of this trend, international trade is continuous and the need to finance it is non-negotiable even if the nations country risks do not look very attractive.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page- – – – – – – – – i
Approval page – – – – – – – -ii
Dedication – – – – – – – – -iii
Acknowledgement – – – – – – – -iv
Abstract – – – – – – – – – -v
Table of content – – – – – – – -vi
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION – – – – – – – -1
1.0 Background of the study – – – – -1
1.1 Statement of the problem – – – – -5
1.2 Purpose of the study – – – – – -6
1.3 Significance of the study – – – – -8
1.4 Research questions – – – – – -9
1.5 Scope of the study – – – – – – -10
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW – – – – – – -11
CHAPTER THREE
Research methodology – – – – – – -39
Design of study – – – – – – – -40
CHAPTER FOUR
Presentation, analysis and interpretation of data – -48
CHAPTER FIVE
Summary of findings – – – – – – -60
Conclusion – – – – – – – – -61
Recommendations – – – – – – – -62
Suggestions for further research – – – – -64
References – – – – – – – – -65
Appendix I – – – – — – – – -68
Questionnaire. – – – – – – – -69
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